Wizdom
11-03-06, 23:40
Relativity in Quran (Koran)
Einstein's theory of special relativity states that the speed of light in vacuum (outside matter and gravitational fields) is always the same (at 299792.458 km/s). It is the time and space that vary according to the speed of objects; that is, faster objects experience slower time (Time Dilation). Also, general relativity states that time passes slower near bigger mass (in stronger gravitational fields). The whole theory of relativity revolves around this concept.
Surprisingly, the Quran (Koran, the book of Islam) states that:
Speed of Light is always the same at 299792.5 km/s
Faster objects experience slower time (Time Dilation)
Time passes slower near bigger mass (General Relativity)
Pulsars and Black Holes
Wormholes (Length Contraction)
Gravitational Lensing
Einstein's theory of relativity proves the Quran right.
Other: Rotation of Earth Slowing Down, Tectonics, Atmospheric Pressure, Ice in Comets
Challenger #
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Speed of Light a constant at 299792.5 km/s
299,792.458 km/s is the speed of light in vacuum, that is, outside matter and gravitational fields. However according to Einstein's theory of General Relativity, the velocity of light varies with the intensity of the gravitational field, that is, this is not the speed of light inside gravitational fields.
1400 years ago it was stated in the Koran (Quran, the book of Islam) that angels travel in one day the same distance that the moon travels in 1000 lunar years, that is, 12000 Lunar orbits / Earth day. Today we know that if we remove the Earth-moon system from the gravitational field of the sun all observers will see the speed of light outside gravitational fields to be equivalent to 12000 Lunar orbits / Earth day.
Moslems (Muslims) believe that angels are low density creatures, and that God created them originally from light. They move at any speed from zero up to the speed of light. It is the angels who carry out God's orders. Those angels take their orders from a Preserved Tablet somewhere in outer space near Earth, and not form God's Throne. They commute to and from this Preserved Tablet to get their orders from God. In the following verse, the Quran is describing how angels travel when they commute to and from this Tablet. And the speed at which they commute to and from this Tablet turned out to be the known speed of light:
[Quran 32.5] (Allah) Rules the cosmic affair from the heavens to the Earth. Then this affair travels to Him a distance in one day, at a measure of one thousand years of what you count.
It is the angels who carryout these orders (see why Arabic wording refers to distance at footnote [1]). Hence in 1 day, the angels will travel a distance of 1000 years of what they counted. Those people back then followed the lunar calendar and counted 12 lunar months each year. These months are related to the moon and not related to the sun. Since this verse is referring to distance, then Allah is saying that angels travel in one day the same distance that the moon travels in 12000 lunar orbits. Outside gravitational fields this speed turned out to the known speed of light.
To verify this we can simply convert both distances and associated times to velocities and then compare them:
Distance = Velocity x Time ¨_ Velocity = Distance / Time
Therefore, we can calculate the velocity of those angels and then compare it to the known speed of light.
Time:
This table below shows the lunar month and the Earth day in both sidereal system (with respect to stars) and synodic (with respect to sun):
Period
Synodic (sun)
Sidereal (stars)
Earth day t
24 hours = 86400 sec
23 h 56 min 4.0906 sec = 86164.0906 sec
Lunar Month T
29.53059 days
27.321661 days = 655.71986 hours
NASA uses the sidereal system (with respect to stars) for defining the lunar orbit, lunar month (T), the Earth day (t) and for calculating the velocity of the moon. Similarly, Moslems use the sidereal system (with respect to stars) in their proof.
Distance:
So the formula as proposed by Allah is:
Distance traveled by angels in one day = 12000 x Distance traveled by moon during one orbit
And since Distance = Velocity x Time:
¨_ C t = 12000 V' T
Where:
C
Is the velocity of angels, which we intend to calculate and then compare to the known speed of light (no external forces, no acceleration, no deceleration).
t
Is the sidereal terrestrial day defined as the time of one rotation of the Earth about its axis (with respect to stars); i.e. 23 hr, 56 min, 4.0906 sec = 86164.0906sec.
V'
Is the inertial velocity of the moon (no external forces, no acceleration, no deceleration); which we intend to calculate.
T
Is the sidereal lunar month defined as the time of one revolution of the moon around Earth (with respect to the stars); i.e. 27.321661 days = 655.71986 hours.
Velocity of the Moon:
The velocity of the moon is not constant. NASA measured the spontaneous velocity of the moon at various instances throughout its orbit. These measurements show that the velocity of the moon varies considerably (from 3470 km/hr up to 3873 km/hr); which means that the moon accelerates and then decelerates continuously. The average lunar velocity is Vavg = 3682 km/hr. Most astronomy textbooks calculate this value manually by the following method:
Velocity = Distance / Time = Length of lunar orbit / Time
As the Earth goes around the sun, the whole moon¡¯s orbit travels along with Earth. This makes the moon travel in a much longer spiral path; But this is not the length of the lunar orbit relative to Earth. The lunar orbit relative to Earth is an ellipse having an average radius R = 384267 km. So, the length (L) of this elliptical orbit relative to Earth is:
L = 2 ¥ð R
V = L / T ¨_ V = 2 ¥ð R / T
Substituting R = 384267 km and T = sidereal lunar month = 655.71986 hr:
V = (2 x 3.l4l593 x 384267) / 655.71986 = 3682.092 km/hr
Although this velocity is correct relative to Earth, this velocity is under the influence of the gravitational pull of the sun:
299,792.458 km/s is the speed of light for observers outside gravitational fields. But the velocity of light appears to vary with the intensity of the gravitational field (See proof at footnote [2]). According to the theory of general relativity, an observer standing outside gravitational fields (in vacuum) looks at events inside gravitational fields and sees them in slow motion. When he steps inside those gravitational fields he sees them in normal speeds. But now he looks back at where he was outside gravitational fields and sees the events there in fast motion. In our case the event is the moon orbiting Earth. When an observer in stronger gravitational fields, near a black hole for example, looks at the Earth-moon system he does not see the moon orbiting Earth once every month; instead he sees the moon orbiting Earth once every few seconds.
Not only observers in different gravitational fields will not agree on the time period for a lunar orbit but also they will not agree on the distance traveled by the moon (thus they will all disagree on the velocity of the moon). If you remove the Earth-moon system from the gravitational field of the sun they will all see the speed of light outside gravitational fields to be equivalent to 12000 lunar orbits/ Earth day; but they will never agree on a value in km/sec. To get them all agree on the value of 299792.458 km/s they will all have to step out of their respective gravitational fields.
Since we are comparing an event with the speed of light for observers outside gravitational fields, therefore for any meaningful comparison we have to remove the event itself from gravitational fields as well before comparing them.
The Earth-moon system covers an angle ©ª around the sun each cycle (sidereal lunar month). Without the gravitational fields of the sun and distant stars (isolated system) the lunar orbit cannot change direction but rather floats in a straight path to distant stars. But due to the gravitational field of the sun, the lunar obit is changing direction every cycle by this angle ©ª with respect to distant stars.
Original Direction to Stars
Lunar Orbit
The lunar orbit changes direction with respect to stars by the same angle it orbits the sun.
©ª
©ª
Sun
New Direction
Consider the velocity vector of an entire orbit around Earth. Every point in this orbit has a certain magnitude and a certain direction. As the moon heads to the sun it speeds up, and as it heads away from the sun it slows down. This creates a sector of the orbit where the moon is speeding up. But as the Earth goes around the sun, the position of the sun relative to Earth with respect to stars is changing. This makes the sector where the moon is speeding up move forward inside the orbit such that it points to the sun again. Hence the entire orbit changes direction with respect to stars by the same angle it orbits the sun. This means that the orbit is influenced by a net rotational force (like torque around Earth). As the distance to the sun increases to infinity ©ª decreases to zero and this force decreases to zero. When we vectorially remove the energy gained from this force we can calculate the total energy and hence the length of the lunar orbit outside gravitational fields.
We can vectorially calculate the velocity of the moon relative to Earth without the gravitational pull of the sun: Since the Earth and the moon orbit the sun together, then the velocity vector of the entire orbit around Earth has to have the same direction as the direction of Earth around the sun at the end of each cycle (otherwise they will diverge):
©ª
V' = V cosine ¨ª
Vector
in isolated system
V sine ¨ª
©ª
Velocity vector V = vector in the isolated Earth-moon system (Vcos©ª) plus the vector acquired form the gravitational field of the sun (Vsine©ª)
Original Direction
to Stars
Velocity vector V
Earth
New Direction after one cycle
In the isolated Earth-moon system (no sun), the moon's isolated vector remains in the original direction with respect to stars. But in the compounded system, the moon's compounded vector changes direction by angle ©ª with respect to stars each cycle around Earth. This means that the moon's mean velocity (V) is the vectorial sum of the velocity acquired from Earth's spin (V') plus the velocity acquired form the gravitational field of the sun (see isolated systems at footnote [3]).
V' = V cos©ª
Where V' is the velocity of the moon relative to Earth without sun's gravitational pull; V is the velocity of the moon relative to Earth with sun's gravitational pull; and ©ª is the angle traveled by the Earth-moon system around the sun during this lunar month.
Speed of Angels:
So finally we can calculate the speed of angels in vacuum and compare it to the known speed of light in vacuum 299792.458 km/s:
C t = 12000 V' T
And V' = V cos©ª
C t = 12000 V cos©ª T
C = (12000 V cos©ª T) / t
Substituting the NASA sidereal values of the periods T and t (from above table); ©ª is 26.9295 degrees and could be manually calculated at this footnote [4]; cos©ª = 0.8915645, we arrive at the velocity of angels as claimed in the Koran:
C = (12000 x 3682.092 x 0.8915645 x 655.71986) / 86164.0906
C = 299792.5 km/s
Exactly the known speed of light!!!
Moslems ask how could an illiterate man who lived 1400 years ago have figured out the velocity of the moon relative to the speed of light?
If you remove the Earth-moon system from the gravitational field of the sun, all observers will see the speed of light outside gravitational fields to be equivalent to 12000 Lunar orbits / Earth day.
This isolated mean velocity V' came from Earth's spin and not from sun's gravity:
c = 12000 L' / t' = 12000 2 ¥ð R' / t'
Ocean friction is causing the rotation of Earth to slow down, that is, for the days to get longer (t' increases). And as Earth's rotation slows down the moon recedes (R' increases).
For the moon to orbit Earth with the same velocity and altitude but without any assistance from the sun, it needs to acquire even more energy from Earth's spin; that is t' has to increase until R' = R. But due to a fundamental law in astrophysics the ratio R' / t' remains the same: The tidal force decelerating Earth is the same force pushing the moon. Since the force pushing the moon is gravitational, then it is inversely proportional to the square of the distance to the moon. Similarly, this same force decelerating Earth is proportional to the change in kinetic energy in Earth's spin, that is, it is inversely proportional to the square of Earth day. This makes the square of the distance to the moon to be directly proportional to the square of Earth day. This implies that the distance to the moon remains proportional to Earth day. Hence R' / t' is a constant equal to 3.976120966 (R' / t' = R cos©ª / t'). This makes the equation in the Koran c = 12000 L' / t' to be composed only of constants, with no variables.
4.5 billion years ago the moon formed when a planet collided with Earth. On impact, Earth gained angular momentum (rotational speed). This angular momentum has been slowly transferring to the lunar orbit. On impact of that planet with Earth, the molten debris recoiled with a certain escape velocity and sucked vaporized water and some gases from Earth's atmosphere. This debris clustered to form the moon. But the moon couldn't maintain those gases because it's gravity was extremely weak; so it lost those gases along with some debris (about 17% of it's initial mass) and settled in orbit without this mass. The equation in the Koran c = 12000 lunar orbits / Earth day has been true in the isolated system ever since the moon first lost this mass, that is, since the early creation of the Earth-moon; is true today and as the moon continues to recede this equation in the Koran will always be true. Thanks to Dr. M. Doudah: Preserved dynamics of Earth-moon since system birth
[Quran 10.5] It is He (Allah) who made the sun to shine and the moon to light, and destined it in stages; that you may learn to count the years and the mathematics. Allah only created this in truth. He details His Signs for those who are knowledgeable (scientists).
See how angels can reach anywhere in the universe before you finish reading this sentence: Wormholes (Below)
(see the problem of Christians with the speed of light at footnote [5])
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Time Dilation
Surprisingly, Moslems use another formula to reveal that angels indeed accelerate up to the speed of light. Their Koran states another verse in which angels traveling at a certain velocity, appear to experience slower time than humans. But this agrees with Einstein¡¯s theory of special relativity, which says that a faster moving object appears to experience slower time. Moslems use Einstein¡¯s theory of relativity with this verse from the Koran to assert that angels indeed accelerate up to the speed of light:
[Quran 70.4] The angels and the Spirit ascend to Him in a day, the measure of which is fifty thousand years.
Here angels will experience 1 day while humans will measure it as 50,000 years (time vs. time and not time vs. distance as the previous lunar verse). However, according to the theory of special relativity, given this time difference (time dilation), we can calculate the speed at which that object traveled. We can verify if those angels really accelerate up to the speed of light, as claimed by Moslems, or not. Moslems say that since this claim can be verified in two minutes, then there is absolutely no need for blind faith:
It was not a Moslem but a Jew, Albert Einstein, who defined the famous theory of special relativity. According to this theory, space, time, and mass are not constant values; they change depending on the speed of that moving object. As the velocity of that object increases its time appears to elapse slower. Mathematically it is:
(Where ∆to is the time measured for a mover by a mover; ∆t is the time measured for a mover by a stationary frame; v is the velocity of the mover relative to the stationary observer):
∆to is the time experienced by angels (1 day).
∆t is the time as measured by humans (50,000 lunar years x12 lunar months/lunar year x 27.321661 days/lunar month).
v is the velocity of angels in this case (which we intend to calculate and then compare to the known speed of light).
c is the known speed of light 299792.458 km/s, the speed of light in vacuum.
From the above equation we can solve for the unknown velocity:
So let¡¯s insert the Moslem claims and see if their angels really accelerate up to the speed of light or not. Insert dates from this verse ¡®The angels and the Spirit ascend to Him in a day, the measure of which is fifty thousand years¡¯ into the formula:
v = 299792.4579999994 km / s
This time dilation (time difference) shows that angels indeed accelerate up to the speed of light (slightly less than c since they have mass). This can't be a coincidence because this is the same speed calculated from the previous lunar verse.
Moslems ask how could an illiterate man who lived 1400 years ago have figured out Time Dilation and the core of Relativity?
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General Relativity
Moslems believe that Paradise and Hell are both much bigger and much more massive than Earth (but still much smaller than God's Throne). The theory of general relativity says that time should pass slower near an object more massive than Earth (in a stronger gravitational field). So according to general relativity, time should pass in Paradise/Hell much slower than on Earth. Moslems say that this is what Allah says. It is stated in the Quran that 1 day in Paradise/Hell measures a 1000 years on Earth:
[Quran 22.47] They challenge you to bring forth that torture [in Hell] and Allah will not break His promise; a day of your Lord [Paradise/Hell promise] is like a thousand years of what you count.
Here God promises those who do not believe in Hell and punishment that each day of their torture in Hell will measure a thousand years on Earth. So according to the Quran, time passes faster on Earth than in Paradise/Hell. But this agrees with the theory of general relativity which says that time passes slower near bigger mass. Paradise and Hell are much more massive than Earth and time should pass there much slower than on Earth.
Christians believe that God created the universe in 6 earthly days and rested on the 7th. Moslems believe that 6 days passed at God's Throne but we experienced 13.5 billion years on Earth:
Moslems believe that God is not bound to His Throne; rather He created it and set it as a reference. The Quran says that God's Throne is even wider than the whole universe; so how about the mass of God's Throne? God's Throne is much more massive than Earth. Time should pass there much slower than on Earth. The theory of general relativity explains why time passes slower at God's Throne than on Earth. General relativity explains why 6 days passed at God's Throne but we measured it as 13.5 billion years (that is each day at God's Throne measures around 2.25 billion years on Earth).
Science says that the Earth is 4.5 billion years old and that the universe is 13.5 billion years old. This places the age of Earth at one third the age of the universe. Moslems say that this is what Allah says. The Quran says that God counted 6 days since the creation of the universe but God only counted 2 days since the creation of Earth:
[Quran 50.38] We [Allah] created the heavens and the Earth and all what's between them in six days, and We were not touched by fatigue.
[Quran 41.9] Say: "Is it that you deny Him [Allah] who created the Earth in two days? And you claim others to be equal to Him? He is the Lord of (all) the Worlds."
So far, God counted 2 days for Earth and 6 days for the whole universe. The Quran clearly states that the age of Earth is one third the age of the universe [6]. Moslems ask how could an illiterate man who lived 1400 years ago have figured out the age of Earth relative to the age of the universe?
(The Christian Bible puts the creation of Earth on day one; making the age of Earth equal to the age of the universe)
So according to the Quran:
God's Throne > Paradise/Hell > Earth
The smaller the mass, the faster the time
Moslems ask how could an illiterate man who lived 1400 years ago have figured out that time passes slower near bigger mass?
The Koran says that time does not pass at the same rate (time dilation). Christians don't accept this time dilation (time difference) because their Bible says otherwise. (See proof that time dilation in the Christian Bible is wrong at footnote [7])
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Pulsars and Black Holes
General relativity predicted the formation of black holes from neutron stars. As more matter falls into a neutron star its mass increases; and as its mass increases its gravity increases. A point will be reached where gravity would have grown so much that not even light could escape, thus a black hole forms.
Most neutron stars discovered today are in the form of radio pulsars. Radio pulsars are neutron stars that emit radio waves. We can simply connect a radio telescope to a loud speaker and hear a pulsar. Pulsars sound like someone persistently knocking. Click here and listen to a slow knocking pulsar. Click here and listen to a fast knocking pulsar.
So in short, we can hear a pulsar knock; and if matter continues to fall into this pulsar a black hole will eventually form. Moslems say that this is what Allah says. The Quran describes a star by "The one who knocks" and says that it is "The one who makes a hole".
[Quran 86.1-3] And the heaven and the "Knocker" (Tarek in Arabic) 2 How could you know about the "Knocker"? 3 The piercing star (Thakeb in Arabic).
The Arabic word "Thukb" means hole; "Thakeb" means the one who makes the hole. The Quran is describing a knocking star that makes a hole.
Moslems ask how could an illiterate man who lived 1400 years ago have figured out Pulsars and Black Holes?
[Quran 26.2-6] These are the verses of a clarifying Book. 3 You might be frustrated that they don't believe; 4 If We wish, We hand down from the heaven a sign (proof); their necks to it remain subdued. 5 And every new revelation they were given from The Most Gracious [Allah] they dismissed. 6 They disbelieved (the Quran), so they will receive the news of what they have been mocking.
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Wormholes (Length Contraction)
Look up to the night sky and select a star as a destination. Can any human reach this star by just walking few steps?
General relativity explained a mechanism to contract this huge distance into few meters. Albert Einstein called this mechanism ¡®bridges¡¯ in space-time. Today, scientists call them wormholes. A wormhole would act as a shortcut connecting two distant regions in the universe.
Einstein's theory of special relativity states that the speed of light in vacuum (outside matter and gravitational fields) is always the same (at 299792.458 km/s). It is the time and space that vary according to the speed of objects; that is, faster objects experience slower time (Time Dilation). Also, general relativity states that time passes slower near bigger mass (in stronger gravitational fields). The whole theory of relativity revolves around this concept.
Surprisingly, the Quran (Koran, the book of Islam) states that:
Speed of Light is always the same at 299792.5 km/s
Faster objects experience slower time (Time Dilation)
Time passes slower near bigger mass (General Relativity)
Pulsars and Black Holes
Wormholes (Length Contraction)
Gravitational Lensing
Einstein's theory of relativity proves the Quran right.
Other: Rotation of Earth Slowing Down, Tectonics, Atmospheric Pressure, Ice in Comets
Challenger #
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Speed of Light a constant at 299792.5 km/s
299,792.458 km/s is the speed of light in vacuum, that is, outside matter and gravitational fields. However according to Einstein's theory of General Relativity, the velocity of light varies with the intensity of the gravitational field, that is, this is not the speed of light inside gravitational fields.
1400 years ago it was stated in the Koran (Quran, the book of Islam) that angels travel in one day the same distance that the moon travels in 1000 lunar years, that is, 12000 Lunar orbits / Earth day. Today we know that if we remove the Earth-moon system from the gravitational field of the sun all observers will see the speed of light outside gravitational fields to be equivalent to 12000 Lunar orbits / Earth day.
Moslems (Muslims) believe that angels are low density creatures, and that God created them originally from light. They move at any speed from zero up to the speed of light. It is the angels who carry out God's orders. Those angels take their orders from a Preserved Tablet somewhere in outer space near Earth, and not form God's Throne. They commute to and from this Preserved Tablet to get their orders from God. In the following verse, the Quran is describing how angels travel when they commute to and from this Tablet. And the speed at which they commute to and from this Tablet turned out to be the known speed of light:
[Quran 32.5] (Allah) Rules the cosmic affair from the heavens to the Earth. Then this affair travels to Him a distance in one day, at a measure of one thousand years of what you count.
It is the angels who carryout these orders (see why Arabic wording refers to distance at footnote [1]). Hence in 1 day, the angels will travel a distance of 1000 years of what they counted. Those people back then followed the lunar calendar and counted 12 lunar months each year. These months are related to the moon and not related to the sun. Since this verse is referring to distance, then Allah is saying that angels travel in one day the same distance that the moon travels in 12000 lunar orbits. Outside gravitational fields this speed turned out to the known speed of light.
To verify this we can simply convert both distances and associated times to velocities and then compare them:
Distance = Velocity x Time ¨_ Velocity = Distance / Time
Therefore, we can calculate the velocity of those angels and then compare it to the known speed of light.
Time:
This table below shows the lunar month and the Earth day in both sidereal system (with respect to stars) and synodic (with respect to sun):
Period
Synodic (sun)
Sidereal (stars)
Earth day t
24 hours = 86400 sec
23 h 56 min 4.0906 sec = 86164.0906 sec
Lunar Month T
29.53059 days
27.321661 days = 655.71986 hours
NASA uses the sidereal system (with respect to stars) for defining the lunar orbit, lunar month (T), the Earth day (t) and for calculating the velocity of the moon. Similarly, Moslems use the sidereal system (with respect to stars) in their proof.
Distance:
So the formula as proposed by Allah is:
Distance traveled by angels in one day = 12000 x Distance traveled by moon during one orbit
And since Distance = Velocity x Time:
¨_ C t = 12000 V' T
Where:
C
Is the velocity of angels, which we intend to calculate and then compare to the known speed of light (no external forces, no acceleration, no deceleration).
t
Is the sidereal terrestrial day defined as the time of one rotation of the Earth about its axis (with respect to stars); i.e. 23 hr, 56 min, 4.0906 sec = 86164.0906sec.
V'
Is the inertial velocity of the moon (no external forces, no acceleration, no deceleration); which we intend to calculate.
T
Is the sidereal lunar month defined as the time of one revolution of the moon around Earth (with respect to the stars); i.e. 27.321661 days = 655.71986 hours.
Velocity of the Moon:
The velocity of the moon is not constant. NASA measured the spontaneous velocity of the moon at various instances throughout its orbit. These measurements show that the velocity of the moon varies considerably (from 3470 km/hr up to 3873 km/hr); which means that the moon accelerates and then decelerates continuously. The average lunar velocity is Vavg = 3682 km/hr. Most astronomy textbooks calculate this value manually by the following method:
Velocity = Distance / Time = Length of lunar orbit / Time
As the Earth goes around the sun, the whole moon¡¯s orbit travels along with Earth. This makes the moon travel in a much longer spiral path; But this is not the length of the lunar orbit relative to Earth. The lunar orbit relative to Earth is an ellipse having an average radius R = 384267 km. So, the length (L) of this elliptical orbit relative to Earth is:
L = 2 ¥ð R
V = L / T ¨_ V = 2 ¥ð R / T
Substituting R = 384267 km and T = sidereal lunar month = 655.71986 hr:
V = (2 x 3.l4l593 x 384267) / 655.71986 = 3682.092 km/hr
Although this velocity is correct relative to Earth, this velocity is under the influence of the gravitational pull of the sun:
299,792.458 km/s is the speed of light for observers outside gravitational fields. But the velocity of light appears to vary with the intensity of the gravitational field (See proof at footnote [2]). According to the theory of general relativity, an observer standing outside gravitational fields (in vacuum) looks at events inside gravitational fields and sees them in slow motion. When he steps inside those gravitational fields he sees them in normal speeds. But now he looks back at where he was outside gravitational fields and sees the events there in fast motion. In our case the event is the moon orbiting Earth. When an observer in stronger gravitational fields, near a black hole for example, looks at the Earth-moon system he does not see the moon orbiting Earth once every month; instead he sees the moon orbiting Earth once every few seconds.
Not only observers in different gravitational fields will not agree on the time period for a lunar orbit but also they will not agree on the distance traveled by the moon (thus they will all disagree on the velocity of the moon). If you remove the Earth-moon system from the gravitational field of the sun they will all see the speed of light outside gravitational fields to be equivalent to 12000 lunar orbits/ Earth day; but they will never agree on a value in km/sec. To get them all agree on the value of 299792.458 km/s they will all have to step out of their respective gravitational fields.
Since we are comparing an event with the speed of light for observers outside gravitational fields, therefore for any meaningful comparison we have to remove the event itself from gravitational fields as well before comparing them.
The Earth-moon system covers an angle ©ª around the sun each cycle (sidereal lunar month). Without the gravitational fields of the sun and distant stars (isolated system) the lunar orbit cannot change direction but rather floats in a straight path to distant stars. But due to the gravitational field of the sun, the lunar obit is changing direction every cycle by this angle ©ª with respect to distant stars.
Original Direction to Stars
Lunar Orbit
The lunar orbit changes direction with respect to stars by the same angle it orbits the sun.
©ª
©ª
Sun
New Direction
Consider the velocity vector of an entire orbit around Earth. Every point in this orbit has a certain magnitude and a certain direction. As the moon heads to the sun it speeds up, and as it heads away from the sun it slows down. This creates a sector of the orbit where the moon is speeding up. But as the Earth goes around the sun, the position of the sun relative to Earth with respect to stars is changing. This makes the sector where the moon is speeding up move forward inside the orbit such that it points to the sun again. Hence the entire orbit changes direction with respect to stars by the same angle it orbits the sun. This means that the orbit is influenced by a net rotational force (like torque around Earth). As the distance to the sun increases to infinity ©ª decreases to zero and this force decreases to zero. When we vectorially remove the energy gained from this force we can calculate the total energy and hence the length of the lunar orbit outside gravitational fields.
We can vectorially calculate the velocity of the moon relative to Earth without the gravitational pull of the sun: Since the Earth and the moon orbit the sun together, then the velocity vector of the entire orbit around Earth has to have the same direction as the direction of Earth around the sun at the end of each cycle (otherwise they will diverge):
©ª
V' = V cosine ¨ª
Vector
in isolated system
V sine ¨ª
©ª
Velocity vector V = vector in the isolated Earth-moon system (Vcos©ª) plus the vector acquired form the gravitational field of the sun (Vsine©ª)
Original Direction
to Stars
Velocity vector V
Earth
New Direction after one cycle
In the isolated Earth-moon system (no sun), the moon's isolated vector remains in the original direction with respect to stars. But in the compounded system, the moon's compounded vector changes direction by angle ©ª with respect to stars each cycle around Earth. This means that the moon's mean velocity (V) is the vectorial sum of the velocity acquired from Earth's spin (V') plus the velocity acquired form the gravitational field of the sun (see isolated systems at footnote [3]).
V' = V cos©ª
Where V' is the velocity of the moon relative to Earth without sun's gravitational pull; V is the velocity of the moon relative to Earth with sun's gravitational pull; and ©ª is the angle traveled by the Earth-moon system around the sun during this lunar month.
Speed of Angels:
So finally we can calculate the speed of angels in vacuum and compare it to the known speed of light in vacuum 299792.458 km/s:
C t = 12000 V' T
And V' = V cos©ª
C t = 12000 V cos©ª T
C = (12000 V cos©ª T) / t
Substituting the NASA sidereal values of the periods T and t (from above table); ©ª is 26.9295 degrees and could be manually calculated at this footnote [4]; cos©ª = 0.8915645, we arrive at the velocity of angels as claimed in the Koran:
C = (12000 x 3682.092 x 0.8915645 x 655.71986) / 86164.0906
C = 299792.5 km/s
Exactly the known speed of light!!!
Moslems ask how could an illiterate man who lived 1400 years ago have figured out the velocity of the moon relative to the speed of light?
If you remove the Earth-moon system from the gravitational field of the sun, all observers will see the speed of light outside gravitational fields to be equivalent to 12000 Lunar orbits / Earth day.
This isolated mean velocity V' came from Earth's spin and not from sun's gravity:
c = 12000 L' / t' = 12000 2 ¥ð R' / t'
Ocean friction is causing the rotation of Earth to slow down, that is, for the days to get longer (t' increases). And as Earth's rotation slows down the moon recedes (R' increases).
For the moon to orbit Earth with the same velocity and altitude but without any assistance from the sun, it needs to acquire even more energy from Earth's spin; that is t' has to increase until R' = R. But due to a fundamental law in astrophysics the ratio R' / t' remains the same: The tidal force decelerating Earth is the same force pushing the moon. Since the force pushing the moon is gravitational, then it is inversely proportional to the square of the distance to the moon. Similarly, this same force decelerating Earth is proportional to the change in kinetic energy in Earth's spin, that is, it is inversely proportional to the square of Earth day. This makes the square of the distance to the moon to be directly proportional to the square of Earth day. This implies that the distance to the moon remains proportional to Earth day. Hence R' / t' is a constant equal to 3.976120966 (R' / t' = R cos©ª / t'). This makes the equation in the Koran c = 12000 L' / t' to be composed only of constants, with no variables.
4.5 billion years ago the moon formed when a planet collided with Earth. On impact, Earth gained angular momentum (rotational speed). This angular momentum has been slowly transferring to the lunar orbit. On impact of that planet with Earth, the molten debris recoiled with a certain escape velocity and sucked vaporized water and some gases from Earth's atmosphere. This debris clustered to form the moon. But the moon couldn't maintain those gases because it's gravity was extremely weak; so it lost those gases along with some debris (about 17% of it's initial mass) and settled in orbit without this mass. The equation in the Koran c = 12000 lunar orbits / Earth day has been true in the isolated system ever since the moon first lost this mass, that is, since the early creation of the Earth-moon; is true today and as the moon continues to recede this equation in the Koran will always be true. Thanks to Dr. M. Doudah: Preserved dynamics of Earth-moon since system birth
[Quran 10.5] It is He (Allah) who made the sun to shine and the moon to light, and destined it in stages; that you may learn to count the years and the mathematics. Allah only created this in truth. He details His Signs for those who are knowledgeable (scientists).
See how angels can reach anywhere in the universe before you finish reading this sentence: Wormholes (Below)
(see the problem of Christians with the speed of light at footnote [5])
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Time Dilation
Surprisingly, Moslems use another formula to reveal that angels indeed accelerate up to the speed of light. Their Koran states another verse in which angels traveling at a certain velocity, appear to experience slower time than humans. But this agrees with Einstein¡¯s theory of special relativity, which says that a faster moving object appears to experience slower time. Moslems use Einstein¡¯s theory of relativity with this verse from the Koran to assert that angels indeed accelerate up to the speed of light:
[Quran 70.4] The angels and the Spirit ascend to Him in a day, the measure of which is fifty thousand years.
Here angels will experience 1 day while humans will measure it as 50,000 years (time vs. time and not time vs. distance as the previous lunar verse). However, according to the theory of special relativity, given this time difference (time dilation), we can calculate the speed at which that object traveled. We can verify if those angels really accelerate up to the speed of light, as claimed by Moslems, or not. Moslems say that since this claim can be verified in two minutes, then there is absolutely no need for blind faith:
It was not a Moslem but a Jew, Albert Einstein, who defined the famous theory of special relativity. According to this theory, space, time, and mass are not constant values; they change depending on the speed of that moving object. As the velocity of that object increases its time appears to elapse slower. Mathematically it is:
(Where ∆to is the time measured for a mover by a mover; ∆t is the time measured for a mover by a stationary frame; v is the velocity of the mover relative to the stationary observer):
∆to is the time experienced by angels (1 day).
∆t is the time as measured by humans (50,000 lunar years x12 lunar months/lunar year x 27.321661 days/lunar month).
v is the velocity of angels in this case (which we intend to calculate and then compare to the known speed of light).
c is the known speed of light 299792.458 km/s, the speed of light in vacuum.
From the above equation we can solve for the unknown velocity:
So let¡¯s insert the Moslem claims and see if their angels really accelerate up to the speed of light or not. Insert dates from this verse ¡®The angels and the Spirit ascend to Him in a day, the measure of which is fifty thousand years¡¯ into the formula:
v = 299792.4579999994 km / s
This time dilation (time difference) shows that angels indeed accelerate up to the speed of light (slightly less than c since they have mass). This can't be a coincidence because this is the same speed calculated from the previous lunar verse.
Moslems ask how could an illiterate man who lived 1400 years ago have figured out Time Dilation and the core of Relativity?
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General Relativity
Moslems believe that Paradise and Hell are both much bigger and much more massive than Earth (but still much smaller than God's Throne). The theory of general relativity says that time should pass slower near an object more massive than Earth (in a stronger gravitational field). So according to general relativity, time should pass in Paradise/Hell much slower than on Earth. Moslems say that this is what Allah says. It is stated in the Quran that 1 day in Paradise/Hell measures a 1000 years on Earth:
[Quran 22.47] They challenge you to bring forth that torture [in Hell] and Allah will not break His promise; a day of your Lord [Paradise/Hell promise] is like a thousand years of what you count.
Here God promises those who do not believe in Hell and punishment that each day of their torture in Hell will measure a thousand years on Earth. So according to the Quran, time passes faster on Earth than in Paradise/Hell. But this agrees with the theory of general relativity which says that time passes slower near bigger mass. Paradise and Hell are much more massive than Earth and time should pass there much slower than on Earth.
Christians believe that God created the universe in 6 earthly days and rested on the 7th. Moslems believe that 6 days passed at God's Throne but we experienced 13.5 billion years on Earth:
Moslems believe that God is not bound to His Throne; rather He created it and set it as a reference. The Quran says that God's Throne is even wider than the whole universe; so how about the mass of God's Throne? God's Throne is much more massive than Earth. Time should pass there much slower than on Earth. The theory of general relativity explains why time passes slower at God's Throne than on Earth. General relativity explains why 6 days passed at God's Throne but we measured it as 13.5 billion years (that is each day at God's Throne measures around 2.25 billion years on Earth).
Science says that the Earth is 4.5 billion years old and that the universe is 13.5 billion years old. This places the age of Earth at one third the age of the universe. Moslems say that this is what Allah says. The Quran says that God counted 6 days since the creation of the universe but God only counted 2 days since the creation of Earth:
[Quran 50.38] We [Allah] created the heavens and the Earth and all what's between them in six days, and We were not touched by fatigue.
[Quran 41.9] Say: "Is it that you deny Him [Allah] who created the Earth in two days? And you claim others to be equal to Him? He is the Lord of (all) the Worlds."
So far, God counted 2 days for Earth and 6 days for the whole universe. The Quran clearly states that the age of Earth is one third the age of the universe [6]. Moslems ask how could an illiterate man who lived 1400 years ago have figured out the age of Earth relative to the age of the universe?
(The Christian Bible puts the creation of Earth on day one; making the age of Earth equal to the age of the universe)
So according to the Quran:
God's Throne > Paradise/Hell > Earth
The smaller the mass, the faster the time
Moslems ask how could an illiterate man who lived 1400 years ago have figured out that time passes slower near bigger mass?
The Koran says that time does not pass at the same rate (time dilation). Christians don't accept this time dilation (time difference) because their Bible says otherwise. (See proof that time dilation in the Christian Bible is wrong at footnote [7])
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Pulsars and Black Holes
General relativity predicted the formation of black holes from neutron stars. As more matter falls into a neutron star its mass increases; and as its mass increases its gravity increases. A point will be reached where gravity would have grown so much that not even light could escape, thus a black hole forms.
Most neutron stars discovered today are in the form of radio pulsars. Radio pulsars are neutron stars that emit radio waves. We can simply connect a radio telescope to a loud speaker and hear a pulsar. Pulsars sound like someone persistently knocking. Click here and listen to a slow knocking pulsar. Click here and listen to a fast knocking pulsar.
So in short, we can hear a pulsar knock; and if matter continues to fall into this pulsar a black hole will eventually form. Moslems say that this is what Allah says. The Quran describes a star by "The one who knocks" and says that it is "The one who makes a hole".
[Quran 86.1-3] And the heaven and the "Knocker" (Tarek in Arabic) 2 How could you know about the "Knocker"? 3 The piercing star (Thakeb in Arabic).
The Arabic word "Thukb" means hole; "Thakeb" means the one who makes the hole. The Quran is describing a knocking star that makes a hole.
Moslems ask how could an illiterate man who lived 1400 years ago have figured out Pulsars and Black Holes?
[Quran 26.2-6] These are the verses of a clarifying Book. 3 You might be frustrated that they don't believe; 4 If We wish, We hand down from the heaven a sign (proof); their necks to it remain subdued. 5 And every new revelation they were given from The Most Gracious [Allah] they dismissed. 6 They disbelieved (the Quran), so they will receive the news of what they have been mocking.
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Wormholes (Length Contraction)
Look up to the night sky and select a star as a destination. Can any human reach this star by just walking few steps?
General relativity explained a mechanism to contract this huge distance into few meters. Albert Einstein called this mechanism ¡®bridges¡¯ in space-time. Today, scientists call them wormholes. A wormhole would act as a shortcut connecting two distant regions in the universe.