PDA

Bekijk Volledige Versie : How foreign media affect revolutions



mark61
13-03-11, 03:40
By John Simpson
BBC World Affairs Editor

There is nothing quite as exciting as a revolution. It sweeps up people of all types and classes and makes them braver, more generous, more resourceful than their usual, everyday selves.

Suddenly, after the long years of keeping their heads down, they are prepared to give their lives for liberty - or at least to let you film the shooting in the street from their upstairs window.

A revolution, for a few days at least, allows people to be what they would ideally like to be.

Tunisia, Egypt, Bahrain, Libya - in their different ways have all been exhibiting this uplifting sense of liberation.

"Welcome, welcome!" shouted a revolutionary soldier at a roadblock on the coastal road in central Libya the other day as my team and I drove towards the front line.

He pressed water and fruit and bread on us. In the early days of any revolution, journalists are always treated as friends of the uprising. It is not necessarily true, and perhaps it never is.

But whereas the government loyalists usually see the international press as part of the subversive process that has brought the trouble about, the revolutionaries greet you enthusiastically.

You are, after all, sharing their dangers and privations, and they love you for it. And of, course, for the first time you are showing their side of the story.

Exposing the truth

For 41 years, Colonel Gaddafi has carried out his unconventional, sometimes cruel experiment in government.

Supposedly it has all been done by and for the people. And for those people suddenly to be able to tell the world's press openly that the old system was actually run by a corrupt and hated clique, is a liberation in itself.

Sometimes this revelation of what people really think has been enough on its own to bring down the ancient regime.

The revolutions in Eastern Europe in 1989 happened essentially because people rose up and confronted the crass fiction that the state was run for them and by them.

So the foreign press plays a big part in any revolution.

The four countries in the Middle East which journalists could get to easily - Tunisia, Egypt, Bahrain and surprisingly Libya - are the ones where the big convulsions have taken place.

You do not need special press visas to get to Tunisia, Egypt or Bahrain. And the eastern part of Libya, bordering on Egypt, is the part which threw off Colonel Gaddafi's rule first - so it was easy to fly to Cairo, drive to the border and be welcomed with open arms by the Libyan revolutionaries who were in control there.

In countries where the comings and goings of the international press are heavily controlled - places like Algeria, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Iran and so on - it is far harder to show the outside world what is happening.

The would-be revolutionaries cannot get the external attention that acts like a draught on an open fire and brings all those statements from the White House and Downing Street and the UN headquarters.

Revolutionary process

It was Edmund Burke, back in the very early days of the first modern revolution - the one in France - who foresaw that all the freedom, equality and fraternity would soon disappear and lead to terrible excesses - executions, torture, repression.

That is what happened in Libya in 1969 after Colonel Gaddafi's coup took place, only journalists could not get in there.

It also happened in Iran 10 years later, when the Shah was overthrown - but it was easy to go there.

The combination of press attention and Western disapproval played its part in bringing him down.

I reported on all that myself, and only the other day in London, near my house, an elderly refugee from Iran started shouting at me in the street: "Now you see what the revolution you started has done to the whole world."

The more vulnerable a country is to Western pressure, the more likely its leaders are to step down when a revolution comes.

If President Hosni Mubarak had not been America's ally, he might still be in his impressive palace in Heliopolis now.

Colonel Gaddafi has so far managed to hang on because he is too way out, too friendless internationally for anyone to be able to stop him using his tanks and air force to bombard his own people.

So the West's care for human life and its free press are great at bringing down the less extreme dictators and not so good at bringing down the really nasty ones.

It is something to muse on.

As for my team and me, we are taking a few days off from the revolution and we have come here to Cairo.

We have not had a shower or a change of clothes in days, and we have been bombed and shot at more times than we can remember.

Revolutions, whoever they are against, all share a basic similarity.

Reporting on this one in Libya, or the one last month in Egypt, makes you part of a process which goes right back to the storming of the Bastille.

Hatert
13-03-11, 13:14
What role is the US media playing?

12/03/2011

By Diana Mukkaled

Diana Mukkaled

Diana Mukkaled is a prominent and well respected TV journalist in the Arab world, thanks to her phenomenal show "Bil Ayn Al Mojarada" (By The Naked Eye), a series of documentaries around controversial areas and topics which airs on Lebanon's leading local and sattelite channel "Future Television". Diana also is a veteran war corrependent, covering both The War in Iraq and in Afghanistan, as well as the Isreali "Grapes of Wrath" massacre in southern Lebanon. Daring to do superb investigative work in Afghanistan, Iran, Yemen and Iraq (prior to the collapse of the Saddam's regime) and dedicating entire episodes of "Bil Ayn Al Mojarada" to issues such as "Honour Crimes" in Jordan, Diana has gained world wide recognition and was named one of the most influential women in a special feature that ran in Time Magazine in 2004. Diana writes a weekly coloumn for Asharq Al Awsat Media's Supplement, where she discusses current affairs in Arab and world media.

Over the past few weeks, western political commentators, particularly those in the US, have been involved in discussing how modern western technologies, particularly social networking websites such as Twitter and Facebook, have served as the catalyst for the revolutionary movement in the Arab world.

The US internet industry has, in effect, given itself credit for overthrowing the regimes of both Hosni Mubarak and Zine El Abidine Ben Ali.

What is most striking about these discussions, other than their obvious ignorance about the distinctions between different countries and societies in the Middle East, is that they have neglected the role played by WikiLeaks and the leaked diplomatic cables, which is something that we must not disregard when discussing the initial reasons behind the population uprisings in the Arab world.

It was thanks to WikiLeaks that the Tunisians were able to read the truth about the corruption of the regime that was oppressing them. WikiLeaks also allowed the Egyptians to view secret information about their own regime, which was no less scandalous than some of the details surrounding the Ben Ali regime.

However, the role of WikiLeaks, Twitter, and Facebook pale in comparison to the role played by satellite news channels, and particularly Al Jazeera and Al-Arabiya. Millions of Arabs are unable to access the afore-mentioned websites, but they are all able to watch satellite television. It might be useful here to cite the admission made by US Secretary of State Hilary Clinton a few days ago when she acknowledged that her country is losing the information war. Clinton criticized the US media and its superficial approach to the news, whilst praising Al Jazeera, particularly its English language news service, describing this as presenting "real news."

Even if US technologies have – via social networking websites – contributed, in one way or another to the momentum of the popular uprisings in the Arab world, or helped the Arab reform movements to develop, this is something that in no way, shape, or form applies to the Western news media, and particularly the American news. This is not just because the majority of Arabs do not watch these channels, and these television channels are not interested in targeting Arab viewers.

The US media's view of the world has informed its view of the Egyptian and Tunisian revolutions, for it divides the world into good and evil as if real life is like a Hollywood movie where the hero bravely fights against the forces of evil and always triumphs. The US media, or rather the prevailing current within the US media, views and understands the world through a patriotic lens. Hillary Clinton's praised Al Jazeera as if she has forgotten that her country continues to ban this channel, despite the fact that it is the US State Department that is always criticizing the policies of censorship in countries like Iran.

American technology might have played a role in the great changes being witnessed by the Middle East, and it is only right that this technology should be praised for this, however as much as these revolutions require technology that facilitates communication, they also requires a spirit of open discussion and debate rather than bias and prejudice. Indeed, it is incomprehensible how the American media can cover Arab revolutions and uprisings and focus almost exclusively on the extent of the impact that these will have on Israel, and future Arab relations with Tel Aviv.

Indeed, a new ethical question is beginning to be asked of Western news media, a question that reflects a similar question being asked of Western governments, namely; why have they been silent about the corruption and despotism of certain Arab regimes until now, the extent of which has only been revealed following the ouster of two Arab regimes?


http://www.aawsat.com/english/news.asp?section=2&id=24480