Bekijk Volledige Versie : Turkije erkent genocide op oorspronkelijke bewoners VS
https://www.presstv.com/Detail/2019/12/17/613870/Turkey-Armenian-genocide-US-Native-Americans
The_Grand_Wazoo
17-12-19, 11:22
Dat komt niet zo reuze dapper over. Bovendien Die genocide is al lang en breed er- en onderkend. De grote vraag is alleen of het een opzettelijke genocide was (de kennis van besmettelijke ziektes, zoals het pokkenvirus, was tamelijk ondermaats in de 16e en 17e eeuw).
De reden waarom hij deze genocide erkent echter is veelzeggend: omdat de VS de genocide op de Armeniers erkennen.
Dan kan hij wel kraaien over een 'shamefull period' in de geschiedenis van de VS, maar dat land bestaat pas vanaf de tweede helft 18e eeuw. Die hebben ook de nodige misdaden uitgehaald na de stichting van hun republiek, maar het verlies van ca. 90% van de oorspronkelijke bewoners is hun moeilijk aan te wrijven; een heleboel andere zaken wel.
Als die Erdohan echt grootmoedig zou wezen, dan erkent hij tegelijkertijd de genocide op de Armeniers, een genocide die maar in één land wordt betwijfeld, nl. Turkije zelf.
Kortom: Erdohan kletst en jij kletst hem na, zonder enige kennis van zaken.
Over de
Dat komt niet zo reuze dapper over. Bovendien Die genocide is al lang en breed er- en onderkend. De grote vraag is alleen of het een opzettelijke genocide was (de kennis van besmettelijke ziektes, zoals het pokkenvirus, was tamelijk ondermaats in de 16e en 17e eeuw).
De reden waarom hij deze genocide erkent echter is veelzeggend: omdat de VS de genocide op de Armeniers erkennen.
Dan kan hij wel kraaien over een 'shamefull period' in de geschiedenis van de VS, maar dat land bestaat pas vanaf de tweede helft 18e eeuw. Die hebben ook de nodige misdaden uitgehaald na de stichting van hun republiek, maar het verlies van ca. 90% van de oorspronkelijke bewoners is hun moeilijk aan te wrijven; een heleboel andere zaken wel.
Als die Erdohan echt grootmoedig zou wezen, dan erkent hij tegelijkertijd de genocide op de Armeniers, een genocide die maar in één land wordt betwijfeld, nl. Turkije zelf.
Kortom: Erdohan kletst en jij kletst hem na, zonder enige kennis van zaken.
Over de
Ben ik niet met je eens we want er is nog steeds geen genoeg doening voor de oorspronkelijke bewoners van de VS en ze zijn nog steeds 2e rangs burgers in eigen land...
Geen lippen dienst aan de nabestaanden van de genocide maar echte daden...
Overigens weet ik te weten weinig over de Armeense opstand tegen de Ottomanen om daar iets over te zeggen... Er is indertijd veel over de ruggen van de aldaar wonende volkeren qua snode plannen gesmeed zoals ook nu in Irak en het Midden-Oosten door wereld machten zoals Engeland en het internationale Zionisme... Om de uitkomst daarvan allemaal in de schoenen van Turkije te schuiven is mij wat te simpel en opportunistisch... Er is in die regio een hoop politiek geschaakt over de hoofden van mensen levens ... Voor het internationale Zionisme was een Armenen of Turken leven op ondergeschikt aan het ondermijnen van de toenmalige Turkse kalifaat... Het wordt nu slechts gebruikt om de vooruitgang van Turkije te ondermijnen en te saboteren...
The_Grand_Wazoo
17-12-19, 15:14
Het wordt zeker gebruikt om Turkije mee te pesten. Maar er spelen naar mijn gevoel een paar zaken door elkaar. Ik kan helemaal met je mee voelen dat morele verontwaaardiging over moordpartijen op z'n plaats is. Maar dan wel graag ongeacht de daders. Historische feiten zijn altijd 'achteraf' geconstrueerd, maar volgens mij is het niet lastig om de echte moordpartijen er uit te pikken. Nederland en de Republiek als voorloper ervan heeft er een paar op z'n naam. Turkije ook.
Mijn bezwaar tegen het handelen van Erdohan is dat hij de onderkenning van de verdrukking van de Noord Amerikaanse inheemse volkeren (ik twijfel een beetje om het als een systematische staatsgeorganiseerde moordpartij van anderhalve eeuw te zien) afhankelijk stelt van de beschuldigingen aan het Turkse adres. Het speelt precies het zelfde politieke spelletje als de VS en dus vrolijk mee met de met het politiseren van genocides. Daardoor wordt zijn verhaal krom en doet helemaal niets voor de inheemse bevolking voor de Amerika's. Wat is er krom? Dat hij over de VS kletst. Een stelletje laatkomers als het gaat om de genocide. Had dit Spanje en Portugal voor de voeten geworpen, dan had je historisch een veel sterker punt. Erdohan verraadt hierdoor zich zelf en laat zien dat die inheemsen hem alleen als een gelegenheidsargumentje intersseren. Begrijp je mijn bezwaar?
knuppeltje
17-12-19, 15:18
Voor het internationale Zionisme was een Armenen of Turken leven op ondergeschikt aan het ondermijnen van de toenmalige Turkse kalifaat...
Het wordt nu slechts gebruikt om de vooruitgang van Turkije te ondermijnen en te saboteren...
Afgezien dat de zin nogal erg krom geformuleerd is, weet ik niet wat dat zogenaamde internationale zionisme tegen de Armeniërs had?
Ik geloof niet dat iemand Erdogan nog hoeft te leren hoe hij de Turkse economie kan ondermijnen en saboteren. Hij heeft zelf al bewezen hoe goed hij daarin is.
Het wordt nu slechts gebruikt om de vooruitgang van Turkije te ondermijnen en te saboteren...
En maar zoeken naar het gelijk naar alles wat moslims betreft en tegelijk zoeken naar het o gelijk naar alles wat jij gemakshalve 'het westen' noemt.
Vasten naar genocide is voor jou maar 1 topicje. Ik kan het echt niet serieus nemen.
Vooral je laatste zinnetje. Ome Erdo richt Turkije compleet ten gronde. Het ging goed maar investeerders houden niet van instabiliteit. Dictators kan ze niet eens zoveel schelen maar onbetrouwbare dictators wel.
Ik hoop dat de Turken hem op tijd doorhebben. Voordat hij zichzelf benoemd tot president voor het leven.
En maar zoeken naar het gelijk naar alles wat moslims betreft en tegelijk zoeken naar het o gelijk naar alles wat jij gemakshalve 'het westen' noemt.
Vasten naar genocide is voor jou maar 1 topicje. Ik kan het echt niet serieus nemen.
Vooral je laatste zinnetje. Ome Erdo richt Turkije compleet ten gronde. Het ging goed maar investeerders houden niet van instabiliteit. Dictators kan ze niet eens zoveel schelen maar onbetrouwbare dictators wel.
Ik hoop dat de Turken hem op tijd doorhebben. Voordat hij zichzelf benoemd tot president voor het leven.
Ik zou graag geloven dat jij je werkelijk ongerust maakt over de Turken en hun welzijn... Maar valt het je niet op dat Turkije als natie voor het eerst economisch, technologisch en financieel op de goede weg zijn... Om dan precies het omgekeerde te betogen is werkelijk de omgekeerde wereld... Elke keer als er iemand intrinsiek aan de welzijn van zijn land werkt dan wordt deze gezien als een bedreiging... Als er een corrupte staatsman a la Sissi in Egypte de eigen bevoking onderdrukt en de economie ten gronde richt en zijn eigen zakken zonder schroom vult ten koste van de eigen bevolking hult het Westen zich in stilte en wijst op elk lands eigen integriteit en non-bemoeienis... Het is allemaal zo doorzichtig behalve voor mensen die zich vereenzelvigen met deze hypocriete houding... Alles voor het in stand houden van een onrechtvaardige en mens onwaardige equilibrium die de machtsbasis in stand houdt van een stel zakkenvullers en onderdrukkers...
https://d3fy651gv2fhd3.cloudfront.net/charts/turkey-gdp-per-capita.png?s=turnygdppcapkd&v=201907021648V20191105
Turkey Is Becoming A New Kind Of Silicon Valley
When you hear the word “startup,” the first place that comes to mind probably isn’t Turkey. Between Silicon Valley, New York City, Moscow and Tel Aviv, an exclusive collection of startup hubs around the world has been creating buzz and dominating entrepreneurial attention for years. So when I was offered the chance to join a startup in Istanbul, Turkey in 2013, I was curious about this new market, and accepted the job immediately.
Now, after living and working in Istanbul for almost a year, I’ve witnessed the city undergo a major transformation, driven by the incredible power of technology and entrepreneurial spirit. While Turkey’s move toward a startup ecosystem has been building for years, cutting-edge ideas around emerging technology — like wearables, beacon technology and mobile commerce — are at an all-time high, sometimes cropping up in Istanbul before anywhere else in the world. With so much innovation meeting in the middle, Turkey has been catapulted to the forefront of innovation in a big way, and is only slated to grow even further.
Starting Up
While it has gained ground in recent years, Turkey’s transformation has been a long time coming, thanks to a unique mix of cultural, economic and even governmental elements that somehow all add up. A huge factor in Turkey’s startup success are the country’s demographics. An entire half of Turkey’s population is under the age of 30, resulting in a predominantly well-educated workforce and a massive talent pool of early adopters and tech-savvy thinkers. Additionally, mobile penetration in Turkey is through the roof, with more than 68 million people in Turkey owning a mobile device—that’s 84% of the population. Turkey’s mobile users are also reported to be the most active consumers in the world for mobile shopping, mobile banking and QR code scanning, and are third in the world for mobile wallet technology usage. As the country’s population gravitates toward an increasingly mobile lifestyle, consumers are by passing internet and desktop trends of the past, leapfrogging to mobile and embracing its massive potential for innovation.
Turkey’s internal infrastructure has even followed suit, working to become more conducive to entrepreneurship. Local venture capital and angel investor organizations, such as 212 Capital, Aslanoba Capital and Galata Business Angels, are recognizing the potential of Turkey’s innovative startups from right on the ground. These indigenous financers have played an instrumental role in constructing the ecosystem, where they have set out to showcase the credibility of Turkish entrepreneurship and have worked to refine the financial investment process in this young market. Local incubator Endeavor Turkey also works to connect entrepreneurs to mentors, investors and even potential partners to keep ideas flowing and people sharing.
Today In: Entrepreneurs
All this local VC activity has even caught the attention of various international capital firms. Y Combinator-like funding organizations are beginning to take serious interest in Turkey’s growing startup scene, with Intel Capital, eTohum and even Kleiner Perkins backing promising ideas in the region. With the acquisition of GittiGidiyor by eBay for over $200 million in 2011, people both inside and outside of Turkey’s borders took note.
But what’s really most inspiring to me? Turkish culture has long been characterized by an inherent entrepreneurial nature, where necessity is undoubtedly the mother of invention and where things that need improving receive improvements. Thanks in large part to social media, young, bright Turks are finding inspiration and guidance from the startup progression in other parts of the world, and are applying this to their own technological endeavors. Young people are meeting in government-funded technoparks to work together, share ideas and house their inventions. Now, technology and innovation are some of the leading industries in Turkey, and are becoming more socially accepted. It’s no longer an anomaly for young people to take up careers in the tech market; in fact, it’s a badge of honor.
Thanks to Turkey’s well-balanced ecosystem, small startups and larger companies have begun working to tap into the country’s massive mobile opportunity, releasing rounds of innovation at an increasingly faster clip. Across every industry, I’ve seen new approaches to mobile take shape, carefully filling a long-existing demand in the Turkish market for mobile-centric technology. In retail, companies like Trendyol — a Turkish version of Gilt Groupe — have demonstrated massive appeal, bringing products and purchasing power directly to mobile. Lidyana, another mobile fashion retailer backed by Endeavor, and Hepsiburada, an Amazon-like e-marketplace partnering with international software company ThoughtWorks, are also working to bring much-needed mobile commerce potential directly to consumers. I’m even seeing m-commerce companies turning to beacon technology to bring customized, location-based rewards straight to mobile consumers on the go. One such company leveraging the power of location on mobile? BiTaksi, a Flywheel and Uber-like app, matches locals and especially tourists in Istanbul, Ankara and Antalya with hard-to-find cab drivers in the area via mobile, while Yemeksepeti offers remote food ordering and delivery to smartphone users, almost a Turkish GrubHub. Turkey’s m-commerce potential has gone through the roof, and savvy startups are taking the challenge seriously, focusing on wielding mobile to address the country’s unique demands.
Additionally, with Google Glass emerging as the first publicly realized example of wearable technology, Turkish companies in almost every sector have begun determining ways to interact with consumers on these new devices. In banking, for instance, we’re increasingly seeing app designers incorporating ATM location possibilities, real-time account updates and stock information into wearable devices, offering consumers a level of convenience we’ve never seen before. In entertainment, we’ll be able to bet on international sports games or athletic events instantaneously, with updates and opportunities sent directly to a consumer’s Google Glass. Turkish companies — mine included — see massive possibilities around wearable technology, and have been developing new ideas accordingly. When the price point on these devices inevitably drops, Turkish startups and app companies will undoubtedly be among the first with a wearable strategy in place.
Looking Ahead
As the buildup of Turkey’s startup culture comes to fruition, it’s not hard to imagine a bright future for this Middle Eastern innovation hub. But with Turkey’s advantageous set-up comes some heavy burdens to bear. Many have heard of Prime Minister Erdogan’s ban on social medi — in response to public outcry against corruption scandals — and admittedly, Turkish startups took a measurable hit. After all, social media is a key marketing tool for many startups, and it’s all but impossible to sell VCs on investing in a startup if your country is seen as a political risk. However, the vast majority of Turks found careful ways around the ban, using VPN to access social networks remotely and continue contributing to an important political conversation. The way Turks beat the ban serves as testament to natural Turkish resourcefulness — and technology’s mighty power, widespread reach and the Turkish ability to problem-solve.
Despite the country’s admitted tumult, most indicators in Turkey are pointing up and to the right: institutional capital is growing, education is only becoming more important and a mixture of Eastern-Western geography has begun to propel Turkey’s innovations to new parts of the world. Plus, as a physical bridge between the newly developing tech scene in Asia and the veteran inventions of Europe and North America, inspiration, leadership and expansion potential are well within reach. As a city at the crossroads of history and future — and east and west — Turkey is proving to be the startup hub to watch in the Middle East for years to come.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFEqffKTSeQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7gd1UdlOoE4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vScv-tt05Ng
Die robots doen me denken aan de imperial stormtroopers uit Star Wars :hihi:
De kaarten zijn al gereserveerd en morgenavond zit ik in de bioscoop Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker te kijken.
Ik hoop dat ik op tijd weer thuis ben voor de wedstrijd Verhoeven vs Badr Hari.
Erdogan is een leider van het volk... Hier reciteert hij van de Koran onder "gewone" stervelingen... Dan moet je niet zo verbaasd zijn dat hij zo populair is onder het gewone volk...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7qullqNGhM&t=9s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylMmxo8LCxc
Nu nog de rest van de wereld.
Respect voor Turkije. :blij:
knuppeltje
21-12-19, 08:55
Erdogan is een leider van het volk... Hier reciteert hij van de Koran onder "gewone" stervelingen... Dan moet je niet zo verbaasd zijn dat hij zo populair is onder het gewone volk...
Tja, wat is het 'gewone' volk? Alsof dat een homogene groep mensen is, die net als klonen gelijk zijn aan elkaar. En dat is niets meer of minder dan een waandenkbeeld.
Bovendien is hij vooral populair bij de Turken in de diaspora en de Turken op het platte land. Van die eerste groep is dat niet heel verwonderlijk, wegens de vrees voor de lange arm van het Turkse bewind - en uit gebrek aan inzicht over de situatie in Turkije.
De tweede groep is er inderdaad door Erdogan tijdens zijn beginjaren er flink op vooruit gegaan. Maar de economie hapert in Turkije en dat voelen ze nu op het platte land ook.
Maar dat is heel anders in de grote steden in Turkije, daar heeft hij bij de laatste verkiezingen verloren.
In Ankara behaalde hij maar 48% en in vele andere steden - zoals Istanboel, Antalya, Mersin, en Adana - raakte hij ook de meerderheid kwijt. Niet voor niets dwong hij de kiesraad om de verkiezingen in zijn thuisbasis, Istanboel, over te laten doen. Geholpen hebben die fratsen hem niet, hij verloor opnieuw.
Volgens het Turkse onderzoeksbureau 'ADA' bleek bij een peiling in september 2019, dat als er op dat moment in Turkije verkiezingen zouden worden gehouden, dat er dan maar 39% van de Turkse stemmers op hem zouden stemmen.
Geen Wonder met al zijn fratsen en een dalende economie.
Als je daarbij optelt dat alle media in Turkije onder staatstoezicht staan, dan is zelfs zijn populariteit onder de plattelandsbevolking in Turkije van zeer twijfelachtige aard.
Erdogan is een leider van het volk... Hier reciteert hij van de Koran onder "gewone" stervelingen... Dan moet je niet zo verbaasd zijn dat hij zo populair is onder het gewone volk...
Mag hopen dat Rutte om geheel andere kwaliteiten zal worden beoordeeld dan zijn kennis van de bijbel.
Mag hopen dat Rutte om geheel andere kwaliteiten zal worden beoordeeld dan zijn kennis van de bijbel.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d9saQv54HZE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yKEqcLzMYdo&list=PLQBc7kncMIGFv7OB6FFgA-QIh8CYkuAWj
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yKEqcLzMYdo&list=PLQBc7kncMIGFv7OB6FFgA-QIh8CYkuAWj
Wizz, lees je alle priksels op Maroc.nl ?
Ik keek even snel naar de recente posts hier en zag dat jij iets van ene David Icke had geplaatst. David Ikke ???
zie wickipedia, David Icke
A week later, shortly after his father died, Icke and his wife, Linda Atherton, along with their daughter and Deborah Shaw, held a press conference to announce that Icke was a son of the Godhead.][75][76] He told reporters the world was going to end in 1997. It would be preceded by a hurricane around the Gulf of Mexico and New Orleans, eruptions in Cuba, disruption in China, a hurricane in Derry, and an earthquake on the Isle of Arranhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Icke
Waarom plaats je dit soort boodschappers op Maroc.nl -NVDD ? Wat heeft dat voor zin ?
Wizz, lees je alle priksels op Maroc.nl ?
Ik keek even snel naar de recente posts hier en zag dat jij iets van ene David Icke had geplaatst. David Ikke ???
zie wickipedia, David Icke
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Icke
Waarom plaats je dit soort boodschappers op Maroc.nl -NVDD ? Wat heeft dat voor zin ?
Het gaat me niet om David Icke... Het gaat me om de historische informatie die deels overeenstemt met andere historische feiten die je niet/nooit via de reguliere media hoort en die dood wordt gezwegen... Als je de verhulde geschiedenis niet kent waar nooit over wordt gesproken zul je nooit begrijpen waar we vandaan komen en waar we naar toe gaan... Die informatie is essentieel om tot een complete bewustzijn te komen om de wereldwijde maatschappelijke ontwikkelingen te kunnen duiden en doorgronden...
Natuurlijk is David Icke an sich niet de beste persoon om dat toe te vertrouwen maar hij onthult wel dingen waar anderen altijd over zwijgen... Dat laatste... Daar heb ik moeite mee...
……………………………... Die informatie is essentieel om tot een complete bewustzijn te komen om de wereldwijde maatschappelijke ontwikkelingen te kunnen duiden en doorgronden...
Natuurlijk is David Icke an sich niet de beste persoon om dat toe te vertrouwen maar hij onthult wel dingen waar anderen altijd over zwijgen... Dat laatste... Daar heb ik moeite mee...
Je vertrouwt hem eigenlijk niet zo, maar als hij met iets komt waar nooit over gesproken wordt vertrouw je hem wel ?
Want..... hij sluit aan bij jouw behoefte om MEER te willen weten ? Een steviger greep * op de 'werkelijkheid' te krijgen ?
* dit heeft ook met jouw vertrouwen te maken in gerenommeerde onderzoeksjournalisten misschien ?
Je vertrouwt hem eigenlijk niet zo, maar als hij met iets komt waar nooit over gesproken wordt vertrouw je hem wel ?
Want..... hij sluit aan bij jouw behoefte om MEER te willen weten ? Dat overstemt dan jouw behoefte aan info van een integer /betrouwbaar persoon, die zegt "jongens, daar zijn we nu nog niet achter/ meisjes, dat is niet bekend" ?
Je wilt sowieso een verhaal ? En onzekerheid/twijfel zuigt ?
In zijn verhaal zitten elementen die overeenstemmen met gebeurtenissen in de geschiedenis die de moeite waard zijn om verder uit te zoeken. Ik hou er niet van om alleen met de grote massa mee te draven... Ik heb daar slechte ervaringen mee...
Je vertrouwt hem eigenlijk niet zo, maar als hij met iets komt waar nooit over gesproken wordt vertrouw je hem wel ?
Want..... hij sluit aan bij jouw behoefte om MEER te willen weten ? Een steviger greep * op de 'werkelijkheid' te krijgen ?
* dit heeft ook met jouw vertrouwen te maken in gerenommeerde onderzoeksjournalisten misschien ?
Het ligt een beetje in het verlengde van onderstaande verhaal...
Sheikh Imran Hosein voorspelt oorlog om Constantinopel (Istanbul)
Filed in NIEUWS ANALYSES by Martin Vrijland on 10 maart 2017 • 58 Comments
erdogan-putin-bosphorusIn onderstaande video geeft Sheikh Imran Hosein een uitgebreid verslag van de geschiedenis zoals die hier op de site ook genoemd is. Het kennen van de geschiedenis in de onvervalste versie is zeer nuttig om te begrijpen wat er vandaag gebeurt. Hosein benoemt niet alleen de zionistische coup op Moskou ten tijde van de eerste wereldoorlog, maar ook de deal met de Engelsen en Fransen om het Ottomaanse rijk op te breken. Het opbreken van het Ottomaanse rijk dat oorspronkelijk zo groot mocht worden met toestemming van Groot Brittannië (om vooral tegen de Russen te strijden), was nodig voor de reservering van de grond in Palestina voor de vestiging van de staat Israël (dat op dat moment onder het Ottomaanse rijk viel). In 1917 werd een deal gesloten met Saoedi’s om het Ottomaanse rijk te breken en de grond van Palestina te reserveren. Kortom: de Saoedi’s werden gesteund door de Britten en Fransen en steunden daarmee het (zionistische) concept van de reservering van grond voor de staat Israël in Palestina. Rusland werd gelijktijdig Constantinopel (het huidige Istanbul) beloofd, maar die deal ging niet door. Een coup in Rusland op tsaar Nicolaas II deed in dat kader wonderen. Natuurlijk was dit een zionistische coup, waarvan de financiering hier op de site al zo vaak beschreven is, die uiteindelijk moest leiden tot de opkomst van het communisme. Dat communisme was het noodzakelijke krachtveld om Adolf Hitler de kop in te drukken in ’45. Althans, dat is de mening hier toegedaan. De tweede wereldoorlog was nodig voor het legitiem maken van de oprichting en vestiging van de staat Israël, maar was nooit bedoeld te slagen. Daarom moest het Duitse leger zich vastlopen in de Russische kou, gekleed in zomertenue.
Eschatologie is de leer die studie maakt van religieuze eindtijd voorspellingen. Sheikh Imran Hosein gaat er in zijn eschatologische standpunten vanuit dat Moskou het Rome van het oude Byzantijnse rijk is (het voormalig West Romeinse rijk). Hij denkt dat er een pact zal komen tussen de (sjiitische) islamitische wereld en Moskou. Gelijktijdig ziet hij de opkomst van Turkije en het potentieel herstel van het Ottomaanse rijk, als een zionistische krachtveld. Hosein kijkt in dat kader natuurlijk vooral naar de islamitische uitgangspunten, maar ook in het christendom is sprake van eindtijd voorspellingen. Het opmerkelijke is dat deze profetieën op elkaar aan lijken te sluiten, maar tegelijk conflicterend zijn. Je zou kunnen stellen dat dit juist de bedoeling is, omdat dat de basis legt voor strijd. Hier op de site is al vaker omschreven dat Saoedi Arabië haar bestaansrecht aan het zionisme dankt (door het Sykes-Picot verdrag uit 1917) en dat de opkomst en macht van Erdogan ook vooral te danken is aan Saoedi’s geld. Ook Sheikh Imran Hosein stelt zich op het standpunt dat Erdogan zijn bestaansrecht dus in feite te danken heeft aan het zionistisch krachtveld. Hij voegt hier aan toe dat die vooral gebleken is tijdens de oorlog in Libië, waar de Turken de westerse interventie actief steunden.
Hosein is dus van mening dat Turkije in het Westers kamp zal blijven en de NAVO zal steunen. Hij denkt dat Israël de islamitische wereld uit zal dagen via oorlogsdreiging zoals die in Syrië, hierbij gesteund door Turkije. Feitelijk maakt Hosein dus onderscheid tussen het Soennitisch islamitische kamp, dat in zijn visie heimelijk het zionisme steunt (waaronder dus Turkije) én het sjiitische islamitische kamp, dat daar lijnrecht tegenover staat. Aan de zijde van dat sjiitische islamitische kamp schaart Hosein de Russen en de Chinezen. Hosein denkt dat Israël dit kamp zal uitdagen en dat dit zal resulteren in een aanval op Istanbul (het voormalige Constantinopel) door de Russen; gesteund door de sjiitische islamitische landen (en China). Dan moeten we dus denken aan landen als Iran, Syrië en omringende landen waarin de sjiitische minderheid te vinden is. Kijken we namelijk naar het aantal soennieten en sjiieten in de wereld, dan is de verhouding zo’n beetje 80% versus 20%. De vraag is dus hoe realistisch dit beeld van de Sheikh is. De Russische marine vloot zal vervolgens (aldus de eindtijd leer die Hosein verkondigt) de Bosporus over kunnen steken om door te stoten naar Jeruzalem. De oorlog waar we het dan over hebben, aldus Hosein, zal gepaard gaan met veel nucleair geweld, waardoor 90% van de wereldbevolking weggevaagd zal worden.
Mijns inziens is het belangrijk om niet te vergeten dat we hier met religieuze inzichten te maken hebben. Religieuze inzichten van sjiitische aard welteverstaan. Die moet je niet met een korreltje zout nemen, want de geschiedenis heeft wel bewezen dat deze religieuze profetieën als een soort ‘master code’ of script in een computersimulatie lijken te gelden. Het wereldtoneel lijkt zich te gedragen volgens de voorspellingen uit de religieuze profetieën. We kunnen die dus niet zomaar wegwuiven; al was het alleen al omdat wereldleiders toegewijd zijn aan het vervullen van deze profetieën. Het zou mij niets verbazen als er een behoorlijke kern van waarheid zit in was Hosein voorspelt. Toch moeten we niet vergeten dat het om een interpretatie van 1 man gaat. Persoonlijk ben ik van mening dat het zich herstellende Ottomaanse rijk op termijn een bedreiging zou kunnen gaan vormen voor Amerika en Europa. Ik ben dan ook van mening dat het verloop iets anders zal gaan dan hoe Sheikh Imran Hosein het voorspelt. Ik denk dat Turkije inderdaad het Ottomaanse rijk zal doen herrijzen. Ik constateer dat dit gebeurt met goedkeuring van het zionisme. Dat kun je halen uit de geldstromen afkomstig uit Saoedi Arabië (het land dat haar bestaansrecht 100% dankt aan het zionisme). Omdat president Erdogan echter meer en meer toenadering zoekt tot Rusland en ook pogingen onderneemt de islamitische wereld te verenigen, denk ik dat de verovering van Constantinopel (Istanbul) zoals door Hosein voorspeld, wel eens een vreedzame zal zijn. Hosein denkt dat de vlam in Turkije in de pan zal slaan door een burgeroorlog (als gevolg van de oorlog in Syrië en Turkse agressie tegen de Koerden e.d.); ikzelf denk dat Erdogan de zaak onder controle gaat krijgen en dat Turkije zich juist af zal splitsen van de NAVO, om vrede te sluiten met de Sjiitische landen, Rusland en China. Dat maakt de weg vrij voor een doortocht van de Russische vloot over de Bosporus.
Het herstel van het Ottomaanse rijk zal, mijns inziens, gepaard gaan met een overname van grote delen van Europa. Amerika is simpelweg te ver gelegen en in die zin oninteressant. De verzwakking van de cohesie van de Europese en Amerikaanse economieën en het nationalisme en protectionisme van de rechts-populistische stromingen (Trump, Le Pen, Wilders, etc.) zullen uiteindelijk (gepland) leiden tot verzwakking van die continenten en resulteren in een flinke economische crisis. Turkije zal van die gelegenheid gebruik maken om Europa binnen te vallen. De eeuwen oude strijdbijl tussen de Russen (het Byzantijnse rijk) en de Turken (het Ottomaanse rijk) zal dus worden begraven. Turkije is Rusland zelfs van dienst als het de NAVO-dreiging aan de Russische grenzen weghaalt met een inval in Europa. Daarbij hoort natuurlijk een onverwachte afsplitsing van Turkije uit de NAVO. De 3e wereldoorlog waar we dan inmiddels in beland zijn, zal uiteindelijk uitmonden in een strijd om Jeruzalem. Het Ottomaanse rijk en de verenigde islamitische landen, zullen dan samen met Rusland en China in oorlog zijn tegen het pact Amerika, Engeland, Australië en Israël. Japan zou zich wel eens aan de zijde van de Ottomanen kunnen scharen, alhoewel het tot noch toe een Amerikaanse vazal staat is gebleken. Daar ben ik nog onzeker over.
De uiteindelijke strijd zal dus gaan tussen het Ottomaanse rijk (gesteund door het voormalig Oost Romeinse rijk, voormalig vijand van de Ottomanen, zijnde het Byzantijnse rijk, waarvan de troon zetelt in Moskou: Rusland) en dat wat er over blijft van het (moderne) West Romeinse rijk met haar militaire hoofdkwartier in Washington D.C. (en haar religieuze hoofdkwartier in Rome). De strijd zal gaan om het definitief kunnen vestigen van een wereldregering met de hoofdzetel in Jeruzalem.
Nu zou u zich af kunnen vragen waarom het zionisme dan zo stom is om (in mijn visie) het herstel van het Ottomaanse rijk (heimelijk via Saoedi Arabië) te financieren. Dat is omdat de zich te vestigen wereldregering zich zal vestigen via de stelregel ‘Ordo ab Chao’. Kortom: er moet een wereldoorlog van mega formaat komen. Groter dan de eerste en tweede wereldoorlog bij elkaar. Kijken we nog even naar de brief van de hoogste vrijmetselaar (33e graad) Albert Pike uit 1871, dan valt op dat hij 3 wereldoorlogen voorspelde. De eerste twee zijn uitgekomen zoals voorspeld. De 3e lijkt op de rol te staan. De vrijmetselarij speelde een belangrijke rol bij de start van de eerste wereldoorlog (althans, niet volgens de officiële geschiedenis) en is in die visie te beschouwen als onderdeel van de zionistische stroming die achter het vermeende ‘masterplan’ zit. De rol van het zionistische krachtveld in de opkomst van Erdogan en het herstel van het Ottomaanse rijk, wordt dus duidelijk als je begrijpt dat dit exact de bedoeling is. En ook al zal Erdogan zeggen het zionisme uit te willen roeien, bedankt hij dus zijn bestaansrecht en zijn rol als degene die het Ottomaanse rijk mag doen herrijzen, juist aan dat krachtveld. Dat zich herstellende Ottomaanse rijk is nodig om de twee grote kampen op te tuigen die nodig zijn voor de laatste grote oorlog waaruit zich dan (via Ordo ab Chao) een wereldregering kan vestigen. De financiers van deze oorlog hebben dus beide kampen helpen groeien tot volwaardige tegenstanders, maar hebben de uitslag al op de plank liggen. Die oplossing is natuurlijk 1 wereldregering, 1 wereldreligie en 1 politiemacht om de zaak in toom te houden. De farao’s (zie hier) beheersen het gehele schaakbord en al haar spelers. Het zionisme is slechts een titel voor de contouren waaruit zichtbaar wordt hoe de hazen lopen.
Feitelijk gaat Sheikh Imran Hosein dus uit van het scenario waarbij Turkije in het NAVO kamp zal blijven en de soennitische moslims en de sjiitische moslims met elkaar in strijd blijven. Ook gaat hij er in die visie vanuit dat Rusland en China zich in het sjiitische kamp zullen scharen en dat een burgeroorlog in Turkije uit zal monden in een oorlog om Istanbul. Hierbij zal het kamp Rusland (plus de sjiitische islam) winnen en via de Bosporus door kunnen stoten naar Israël. Ik zie een ander scenario, namelijk die waarin de vijandigheid die we nu nog tussen de soennitische islam en de sjiitische islam zien, zal worden overbrugt door Erdogan en waarin Rusland juist een partner van dit kamp wordt. Rusland en Turkije sluiten dus vrede. Is dat niet wat we vorig jaar hebben kunnen waarnemen? Parallel zal Turkije de NAVO uiteindelijk verlaten en zelfs aanvallen middels een militaire ingreep in Europa. We zullen zien hoe het loopt. Houdt u het jaar 2023 in de gaten.
https://www.martinvrijland.nl/nieuws-analyses/sheikh-imran-hosein-voorspelt-oorlog-om-constantinopel-istanbul/
Samir75017
27-12-19, 08:12
And now, the one in Algeria by the French.
The_Grand_Wazoo
27-12-19, 09:33
@Wizdom
Lees dat stukje wat je van die Martin Vrijland wat je hierboven plaatste, nou nog eens rustig en kritisch door. Turf alle keren dat de schrijver meningen formuleert en die later tot feiten bombardeert.
In de eerste alinea:
'Dat communisme was het noodzakelijke krachtveld om Adolf Hitler de kop in te drukken in ’45. Althans, dat is de mening hier toegedaan. De tweede wereldoorlog was nodig voor het legitiem maken van de oprichting en vestiging van de staat Israël, maar was nooit bedoeld te slagen. Daarom moest het Duitse leger zich vastlopen in de Russische kou, gekleed in zomertenue.'
Vervolgens worden aan allerlei actoren intenties toegerekend. Die intenties zijn niet 'bewezen', het zijn door de schrijver aan de actoren toegeschreven emotionele drijfveren. Of die er werkelijk waren weten wij niet zeker. De schrijver doet geen enkele moeite om die veronderstelde intenties te bewijzen, bijv. met een bronverwijzing naar een autobiografie of iets dergelijks. Het blijft dus bij 'speculatie', niet bij feiten.
Het stuk wat jij hier plaatst is suggestief, maar ondanks alle suggesties tot het tegendeel, vanuit historisch perspectief, zwak en niet erg 'feitelijk'.
And now, the one in Algeria by the French.
Goeie van jou Samir.
Algerije is meer dan 130 jaar lang gekoloniseerd door Frankrijk. Meer dan 1,5 miljoen Algerijnen hebben de Franse drang naar meer land ( deed nazi-Duitsland dit ook niet met de Russen?) met de dood moeten bekopen.
En dan laat ik de massa-verkrachtingen en grove mensenrechtenschendingen gemakshalve buiten beschouwing. ( foto's van naakte Algrijnse tienermeiden die ontkleed waren door Franse soldaten zijn nog op het web te vinden net zoals de onthoofdingen van anti-Franse leiders van stammen. )
Veel groeperingen zijn dit niet vergeten en plegen mede daarom,tot op de dag van vandaag, nog aanslagen op de Fransen.
https://youtu.be/cLCJpE0OMfQ
Internet is mooi omdat je alles kunt vinden wat je wilt. Internet is minder mooi voor mensen die er geen filter voor hebben. Er is voldoende te vinden om iedere mening te onderbouwen. Zelfs dat het Turkije economisch voor de wind gaat en zij een soort Silicon Valley zijn. Te zot voor woorden.
Turkse Tesla?
Voor de gemiddelde Turk onbetaalbaar met een gierende inflatie van tientallen procenten. Met dank aan het gevoerde wanbeleid van Erdogan.
Een van de hoofdredenen is denk ik toch wel dat de Turkse centrale bank niet dezelfde mate van onafhankelijkheid kent als de centrale banken hier in Europa en keurig de tonen aanslaat van dirigent Erdogan.
Ze hadden het rentewapen veel eerder moeten inzetten.
Internet is mooi omdat je alles kunt vinden wat je wilt. Internet is minder mooi voor mensen die er geen filter voor hebben. Er is voldoende te vinden om iedere mening te onderbouwen. Zelfs dat het Turkije economisch voor de wind gaat en zij een soort Silicon Valley zijn. Te zot voor woorden.
Krankzinnig inderdaad. Vooralsnog verdienen 17 miljoen Nederlanders net zoveel als 80 miljoen Turken (BNP).
knuppeltje
28-12-19, 12:19
Voor de gemiddelde Turk onbetaalbaar met.......
Volgens mij is een Tesla voor de gemiddelde Nederlander ook onbetaalbaar.
Voor de gemiddelde Turk onbetaalbaar met een gierende inflatie van tientallen procenten. Met dank aan het gevoerde wanbeleid van Erdogan.
Een van de hoofdredenen is denk ik toch wel dat de Turkse centrale bank niet dezelfde mate van onafhankelijkheid kent als de centrale banken hier in Europa en keurig de tonen aanslaat van dirigent Erdogan.
Ze hadden het rentewapen veel eerder moeten inzetten.
Onzin.
Sinds dat Erdogan in 2003 aan de macht kwam, is de inflatie spectaculair gedaald. Was enkele tientallen procenten onder leiding van de Seculieren. Is onder Erdogan zo gemiddeld onder de 10 %.
knuppeltje
28-12-19, 14:29
Onzin.
Sinds dat Erdogan in 2003 aan de macht kwam, is de inflatie spectaculair gedaald. Was enkele tientallen procenten onder leiding van de Seculieren. Is onder Erdogan zo gemiddeld onder de 10 %.
Mwa, niet echt.
In de laatste 3 jaar is die juist sterk gestegen. Maar in afgelopen november was die weer gezakt naar zo'n goed 10.5%. Maar gemiddeld over 2019 was die altijd nog meer dan 15,5%. In 2016 was dat blijkbaar maar de helft.
https://nl.inflation.eu/inflatiecijfers/turkije/historische-inflatie/cpi-inflatie-turkije.aspx
Onzin.
Sinds dat Erdogan in 2003 aan de macht kwam, is de inflatie spectaculair gedaald. Was enkele tientallen procenten onder leiding van de Seculieren. Is onder Erdogan zo gemiddeld onder de 10 %.
De rente op een Turkse spaarrekening is al rond de 30% geweest. Heb er nog over gedacht om een valutarekening in lira te openen. Wij wonen immers niet in Turkije en hoeven niet met de lira ons brood of andere producten te kopen.
Voor ons is Turkije nu spotgoedkoop met de verzwakte lira.
Was enkele tientallen procenten onder leiding van de Seculieren.
Waarom betrek je religie in de discussie? In het Turks economisch beleid is religie toch geen parameter?
Mwa, niet echt.
In de laatste 3 jaar is die juist sterk gestegen. Maar in afgelopen november was die weer gezakt naar zo'n goed 10.5%. Maar gemiddeld over 2019 was die altijd nog meer dan 15,5%. In 2016 was dat blijkbaar maar de helft.
https://nl.inflation.eu/inflatiecijfers/turkije/historische-inflatie/cpi-inflatie-turkije.aspx
Iets beter lezen.
Mijn bewering dat sinds Erdogan aan de macht is, de inflatie gemiddeld onder de 10 % is, klopt als een bus.
https://i.postimg.cc/dQW9rr2s/Inflatie-Turkije.jpg
Gemiddelde inflatie sinds Erdogan aan de macht is: 9,00667
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Turkey
De rente op een Turkse spaarrekening is al rond de 30% geweest. Heb er nog over gedacht om een valutarekening in lira te openen. Wij wonen immers niet in Turkije en hoeven niet met de lira ons brood of andere producten te kopen.
Voor ons is Turkije nu spotgoedkoop met de verzwakte lira.
Waarom betrek je religie in de discussie? In het Turks economisch beleid is religie toch geen parameter?
Nu kom je weer met een ander element, rente op Turkse spaarrekeningen. Daar hadden we het niet over. Turkije is sowieso een vreemde een in de bijt, Het is één van de landen met laagste savings rate.
Ik noem de CHP c.s. vrijwel altijd de seculieren. Je hebt een tijdperk dat de seculieren aan de macht zijn en een tijdperk na de seculieren = Erdogan's Ak partij. Die tijdperken zijn duidelijk van elkaar te onderscheiden. In het tijdperk van de seculieren was er een enorme inflatie van tientallen procent, onder Erdogan is het gemiddelde gedoken onder de 10 %.
Internet is mooi omdat je alles kunt vinden wat je wilt. Internet is minder mooi voor mensen die er geen filter voor hebben. Er is voldoende te vinden om iedere mening te onderbouwen. Zelfs dat het Turkije economisch voor de wind gaat en zij een soort Silicon Valley zijn. Te zot voor woorden.
Maar wat Turkije doet is in vergelijking met het beestachtige handelen van het Westen in haar voormalige kolonie's een peulenschil.
* verkrachten soldaten van Erdogan minderjarige meiden?
* Fotograferen Turkse soldaten naakte vrouwen en meisje voor het oog van de camera?
* Onthoofden de Turkse autoriteiten tegenstanders zoals jouw vrije en democratische westen dat deed in haar voormalige kolonie's?
JIj hebt niks. Lucht. En jij probeert die lucht te bakken. Wat krijg je dan?
knuppeltje
29-12-19, 08:47
Iets beter lezen.
Mijn bewering dat sinds Erdogan aan de macht is, de inflatie gemiddeld onder de 10 % is, klopt als een bus.
U zei?
Tja, dat zal wel. Maar hoe dan ook is de inflatie er de laatste jaren veel hoger dan de 13 jaar ervoor. Een heel slechte ontwikkeling dus.
Bovendien is hij pas sinds 1914 President van Turkije. Als we de periode dat hij dus president is bezien, dan is de gemiddelde inflatie over die periode beduidend veel hoger dan het percentage waarmee jij komt aanzetten.
Misschien had hij - gezien die inflatiecijfers - beter minister-president kunnen blijven.
Het is gezien de ontwikkelingen in Turkije ook maar de vraag of de inflatie er in de komende jaren zal dalen.
Tabel: gemiddelde inflatie Turkije (CPI) - per jaar
gemiddelde inflatie inflatie gemiddelde inflatie inflatie
CPI Turkije 2019 15,79 % CPI Turkije 2009 6,28 %
CPI Turkije 2018 16,22 % CPI Turkije 2008 10,43 %
CPI Turkije 2017 11,13 % CPI Turkije 2007 8,78 %
CPI Turkije 2016 7,78 % CPI Turkije 2006 9,59 %
CPI Turkije 2015 7,67 % CPI Turkije 2005 8,19 %
CPI Turkije 2014 8,85 % CPI Turkije 2004 8,60 %
CPI Turkije 2013 7,49 % CPI Turkije 2003 21,94 %
CPI Turkije 2012 8,94 % CPI Turkije 2002 47,20 %
CPI Turkije 2011 6,45 % CPI Turkije 2001 53,46 %
CPI Turkije 2010 8,58 % CPI Turkije 2000 56,43 %
Nu kom je weer met een ander element, rente op Turkse spaarrekeningen.
Rente en inflatie gaan hand in hand. Het rentewapen is het voornaamste wapen wat ingezet kan worden tegen het inflatiespook, toch?
Ik denk niet eens zozeer dat het gevoerde economisch beleid van Erdogan hier debet aan is. Turkije was zo rond 2010 booming en vrijwel niet aangetast door de kredietcrisis. Het was in die tijd een sterk opkomende economie met geweldige groeicijfers.
Kan me nog heugen dat veel Turkse jongeren vanuit Duitsland afreisden naar Turkije om daar aan het werk te gaan.
Het ging denk ik mis toen Erdogan zich steeds meer profileerde als een dictator. Investeerders, vooral buitenlandse investeerders hebben een hekel aan onzekerheden en reuring. Deze trekken zich terug uit de reële economie van Turkije en de valutamarkten. Met alle gevolgen van dien.
Wie gaat er immers nog investeren in een land waar tienduizenden mensen, waaronder journalisten, ambtenaren, legerofficieren en aanhangers van een filosofische stroming, zijn opgesloten en een militaire machtsgreep net is mislukt.
[QUOTE=Artikel1;5679506]Maar wat Turkije doet is in vergelijking met het beestachtige handelen van het Westen in haar voormalige kolonie's een peulenschil.
* verkrachten soldaten van Erdogan minderjarige meiden?
* Fotograferen Turkse soldaten naakte vrouwen en meisje voor het oog van de camera?
* Onthoofden de Turkse autoriteiten tegenstanders zoals jouw vrije en democratische westen dat deed in haar voormalige kolonie's?
Feitelijk heb je gelijk. Volgens mij maak je echter 2 denkfouten.
1. Ik ben niet 'het westen'.
2. Ik heb niets te maken met misstanden die begaan zijn door generatiegenoten van mijn opa. Ik ben alleen verantwoordelijk voor mijn eigen daden.
Ik heb er verder geen kaas van gegeten, daarvoor moeten we denk ik bij Mark61 zijn, maar die Erdogan schijnt een enorme afkeer van 'rente'.
Hoe krijgt een modern Europees land als Turkije het voor elkaar om met gigantische economische groeicijfers in voorgaande jaren er monetair zo'n puinhoop van te maken.
Ja, ik zie Turkije als een modern land in tegenstelling tot de Noord-Afrikaanse landen. Turkije als de Duitsers van de regio.
Wellicht geheel ten onrechte maar vooralsnog ben ik deze mening toegedaan.
Kortom, kan een politicus zoals Erdogan het zich veroorloven zijn persoonlijke religieuze opvatting rondom het rente-instrument te laten meewegen in economisch beleid?
Ik heb het nog even opgezocht. Erdogan: “Omdat ik geloof dat rente de vader en moeder van al het kwaad is.”
Ik heb er verder geen kaas van gegeten,
Houd dan je bek dicht.
Ataturk's Turkey Overturned
By HILLEL HALKIN | July 24, 2007
Some 12 or 13 years ago, when I was reporting from Israel for the New York weekly, the Forward, I wrote a piece on Kemal Ataturk, the founder of modern secular Turkey, that I submitted to the newspaper with some trepidation.
In it, I presented evidence for the likelihood of Ataturk's having had a Jewish — or more precisely, a Doenmeh — father.
The Doenmeh were a heretical Jewish sect formed, after the conversion to Islam in the 17th century of the Turkish-Jewish messianic pretender Sabbetai Zevi, by those of his followers who continued to believe in him.
Conducting themselves outwardly as Muslims in imitation of him, they lived secretly as Jews and continued to exist as a distinct, if shadowy, group well into the 20th century.
In the many biographies of Ataturk there were three or four different versions of his father's background, and although none identified him as a Jew, their very multiplicity suggested that he had been covering up his family origins.
This evidence, though limited, was intriguing. Its strongest item was a chapter in a long-forgotten autobiography of the Hebrew journalist, Itamar Ben-Avi, who described in his book a chance meeting on a rainy night in the late winter of 1911 in the bar of a Jerusalem hotel with a young Turkish captain.
Tipsy from too much arak, the captain confided to Ben-Avi that he was Jewish and recited the opening Hebrew words of the Shema Yisra'el or "Hear O Israel" prayer, which almost any Jew or Doenmeh — but no Turkish Muslim — would have known. Ten years later, Ben-Avi wrote, he opened a newspaper, saw a headline about a military coup in Turkey, and in a photograph recognized the leader that the young officer he had met the other night.
At the time, Islamic political opposition to Ataturk-style secularism was gaining strength in Turkey. What would happen, I wondered, when a Jewish newspaper in New York broke the news that the revered founder of modern Turkey was half-Jewish? I pictured riots, statues of Ataturk toppling to the ground, the secular state he had created tottering with them.
I could have spared myself the anxiety. The piece was run in the Forward, there was hardly any reaction to it anywhere, and life in Turkey went on as before. As far as I knew, not a single Turk even read what I wrote. And then, a few months ago, I received an e-mail from someone who had. I won't mention his name. He lives in a European country, is well-educated, works in the financial industry, is a staunchly secular Kemalist, and was writing to tell me that he had come across my article in the Forward and had decided to do some historical research in regard to it.
One thing he discovered, he wrote, was that Ataturk indeed traveled in the late winter of 1911 to Egypt from Damascus on his way to join the Turkish forces fighting an Italian army in Libya, a route that would have taken him through Jerusalem just when Ben-Avi claimed to have met him there.
Moreover, in 1911 he was indeed a captain, and his fondness of alcohol, which Ben-Avi could not have known about when he wrote his autobiography, is well-documented.
And here's something else that was turned up by my Turkish e-mail correspondent: Ataturk, who was born and raised in Thessaloniki, a heavily Jewish city in his day that had a large Doenmeh population, attended a grade school, known as the "Semsi Effendi School," that was run by a religious leader of the Doenmeh community named Simon Zvi. The email concluded with the sentence: "I now know — know (and I haven't a shred of doubt) — that Ataturk's father's family was indeed of Jewish stock."
I haven't a shred of doubt either. I just have, this time, less trepidation, not only because I no longer suffer from delusions of grandeur regarding the possible effects of my columns, but because there's no need to fear toppling the secular establishment of Kemalist Turkey.
It toppled for good in the Turkish elections two days ago when the Islamic Justice and Development Party was returned to power with so overwhelming a victory over its rivals that it seems safe to say that secular Turkey, at least as Ataturk envisioned it, is a thing of the past.
Actually, Ataturk's Jewishness, which he systematically sought to conceal, explains a great deal about him, above all, his fierce hostility toward Islam, the religion in which nearly every Turk of his day had been raised, and his iron-willed determination to create a strictly secular Turkish nationalism from which the Islamic component would be banished.
Who but a member of a religious minority would want so badly to eliminate religion from the identity of a Muslim majority that, after the genocide of Turkey's Christian Armenians in World War I and the expulsion of nearly all of its Christian Greeks in the early 1920s, was 99% of Turkey's population? The same motivation caused the banner of secular Arab nationalism to be first raised in the Arab world by Christian intellectuals.
Ataturk seems never to have been ashamed of his Jewish background. He hid it because it would have been political suicide not to, and the secular Turkish state that was his legacy hid it too, and with it, his personal diary, which was never published and has for all intents and purposes been kept a state secret all these years. There's no need to hide it any longer. The Islamic counterrevolution has won the day in Turkey even without its exposure.
Mr. Halkin is a contributing editor of The New York Sun.
Ataturk's Turkey Overturned - The New York Sun (http://www.nysun.com/opinion/ataturks-turkey-overturned/58997/)
It began in 1686, when more than three hundred families converted to Islam in Salonika. In 1913, the doenmehs moved to Constantinople (118). Prinz concluded that the doenmeh or the Mohammedan Marrano is the product of the conversion of Shabtai Zvi in the seventeenth century (191).
The revolt of the Young Turks in 1908 against the authoritarian regime of Sultan Abdul Hamid began among the intellectuals of Salonika. It was from there that the demand for a constitutional regime originated. "Among the leaders of the revolution which resulted in a more modern government in Turkey were Djavid Bey and Mustafa Kemal. Both were ardent doenmehs. Dajavid Bey became minister of finance; Mustafa Kemal became the leader of the new regime and he adopted the name of Atatürk. His opponents tried to use his doenmeh background to unseat him, but without success. Too many of the Young Turks in the newly formed revolutionary Cabinet prayed to Allah, but had as their real prophet Shabtai Zvi, the Messiah of Smyrna"
Dit kun je terugvinden in het boek van een belangrijke joodse leider en rabi Dr. Joachim Prinz. Het boek heet 'Who are the secret Jews?' en is geschreven in 1973
Wie is rabi Dr. Joachim Prinz?
Prinz' activism helped him rise to become one of the top leaders within the Jewish organizational structure. He held top leadership positions in the World Jewish Congress, as president of the American Jewish Congress from 1958–1966, and as Chairman of the World Conference of Jewish Organizations. Later, he was a director of the Conference of Jewish Material Claims Against Germany.
Joachim Prinz - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joachim_Prinz)
Dönme,
also spelled DÖNMEH (Turkish: "Convert"), Jewish sect founded in Salonika (now Thessaloníki, Greece) in the late 17th century, after the conversion to Islam of Shabbetai Tzevi, whom the sectarians believed to be the Messiah. The Dönme, who numbered about 15,000 in the late 20th century, are found primarily in Istanbul, Edirne, and Izmir, Turkey.
Shabbetai Tzevi had proclaimed himself the Messiah in 1648 and quickly gained financial support and a considerable following among Jews throughout the Holy Land, Europe, and North Africa. Early in 1666 he was arrested by Ottoman Turks and, faced with the choice of conversion or death, accepted Islam by the end of the year. The Dönme believed that the conversion of Shabbetai Tzevi was a step in the fulfillment of the messianic prophecy. They therefore also converted to Islam but secretly practiced various Judaic rites. Although they remained apart from the larger Jewish community, they preserved some knowledge of Hebrew, kept secret Hebrew names, forbade intermarriage with the Muslim population, and conducted their marriage and funeral rites in secret. As the Dönme remained secretive and lived in separate quarters, they were not generally noticed by the Muslims. Internally they split into a number of subsects, reflecting social distinctions and disputes over the successors to Shabbetai.
At the turn of the 20th century, the Dönme, well represented in the professional classes, took active part in the Young Turk movement and the revolution of 1908. After the Greco-Turkish War of 1921-22, the central Dönme community of Thessaloníki was moved to Istanbul, and a gradual process of assimilation set in. Contact with Jews was lost, and the Dönme themselves resisted Jewish attempts to return them to Judaism.
Copyright (c) 1995 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. All Rights Reserved
In search of followers of the false messiah [/SIZE]
Aubrey Ross is an unusual man with an unusual pastime. He's looking for Jewish Muslims. In Turkey. With the help of the Internet. And he's convinced he has found some.
By Orly Halpern
Aubrey Ross is an unusual man with an unusual pastime. He's looking for Jewish Muslims. In Turkey. With the help of the Internet. And he's convinced he has found some.
In a book entitled "The Messiah of Turkey," due to be published this winter by Frank Cass Publishers in Great Britain, Ross reveals that there are a number of key figures in the present government of Turkey who are Sabbateans - i.e., followers of Shabbtai Tzvi, a Jew who, in the 17th century, claimed he was the messiah, God of Israel, and later converted to Islam.
Ross, an Orthodox Jew from London who has lectured on mysticism at Hebrew University in Jerusalem - but has university degrees in economics and the history of political thought, and is an adviser on pensions at the National Health Service in Great Britain - became intrigued by the subject when he was reading the chapter about false messiahs in Gershom Scholem's "Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism."
"I was fascinated by a short sentence that said `many of them were still around in 1970,'" he says.
Shabbtai Zvi was born in Izmir, Turkey in 1625 and became a Muslim in the 1660s, Ross explains, when he was challenged by the sultan of Turkey for declaring that his mission as messiah was to take back the land of Israel, then under Ottoman rule. The sultan offered him three alternatives: make a miracle and become the true messiah of the Jews; be killed; or become a Muslim. Shabbtai Tzvi chose the latter.
"Shabbtai Tzvi embraced Islam," he says, "and that would be the end of the story, but he claimed that his embrace was different than Jesus' crucifixion: He was entering the `dark world' to bring life into it. His followers called this the `sacredness of sin' and quoted Isaiah 53: `The messiah will suffer.'"
Adds Ross: "Anyway, most people say the messiah will suffer - leading the Jewish people is not easy!"
After Shabbtai Tzvi's death, he relates, his family and followers moved to Salonika. When Greece took it over in 1924, descendants of that community returned to Turkey.
Underground kabbalist colleges
"I wasn't satisfied with the sentence about many of them being around in 1970," Ross says. "I went to a lady professor of kabbala in London who insisted [the Sabbateans] were a 17th-century phenomenon that faded away in the early part of the 20th century. I said I don't think they did. Then a friend introduced me to Naim Tucsin, a Turkish Muslim professor of politics at London University, who told me he would contact an editor of an Istanbul newspaper who is a Jew and ask him about it. Six months later, I got a phone call from the editor, saying `come to Istanbul.'"
He traveled to Istanbul and stayed at the Pier Palace Hotel. One day, Ross "was taken to the office of a Muslim gentleman. I sat down, was given coffee and he asked me, `What do you know about `tiferet' [glory]?' The significance of the term represents an entire kabbalistic structure in which tiferet is the God of Israel."
Ross, who is also warden of Hendon United Synagogue, one of the largest in London, decided four years ago to write a book about his discoveries. He began learning Turkish and traveled twice to Turkey: "I penetrated the Sabbatean structure. I met with the president of the Sabbatean community. They were at the point of showing me one of their secret synagogues, but got scared."
He explains that "the Sabbateans believe that God is the creator of the world, but has underneath his authority the God of Israel. I discovered there are 50 `ogans' - spiritual leaders - of the Sabbatean movement. They have trained in 12 kabbalistic colleges in Turkey, which are underground. They are experts in the Zohar, in `Sefer Bahir' and `Sefer Yetsira,' prominent kabbalistic works which are accepted and respected by Orthodox Jews, but not revered [to the same extent]. They also know the Five Books of Moses, the Prophets and other writings, but very little or no Talmud as this had been transcended by Shabbtai Tzvi."
According to Ross, the secretive Sabbatean community, with an estimated 20,000 members, is known to security forces in Turkey, but not to the general public. Most of them live in Istanbul in large blocks of luxury flats in the Shishli Jewish quarter - unbeknownst to their neighbors.
"It's like a well-known secret. But the Sabbateans don't want to be exposed. I have been asked by four members of the community not to publish my book. They fear reactions from extreme Islamic elements."
To help substantiate his claims, Ross brought to Israel one of the members of the community who was willing to "come out of the closet" in order to be converted formally by rabbis: "Ilgaz Zorlu is his name. But the rabbis [in Israel] said he can't be converted because he doesn't accept all of the Talmudic law. They accepted that he knows more kabbala than they do. He prays; he practices Conservative Judaism. But, he's not bothered about Talmud so they said he had to do a nine-month conversion."
Meanwhile, Zorlu, a young accountant from Istanbul, has written his own book, which is mostly historical in nature. Entitled "Yes, I am a Salonikan," it has been printed six times.
Ross believes that there are a number of secret Sabbateans who hold key positions of influence in the Turkish parliament, legislature and executive branches of government, including the foreign minister himself. This, he observes, may help explain the close relations that exist today between Israel and Turkey.
Haaretz (http://www.haaretz.com/in-search-of-followers-of-the-false-messiah-1.41081)
Zionists, Turkey and Armenians: a story of taboos, distorted truth and unholy alliances
Hagop Kassardjian
The Daily Star, 7/2/03
The history of the Armenian genocide committed by the Turks (1894-1922) is taboo in official Israeli discourse.
Evidence of this taboo is that in 1982 at the end of an international conference held in Tel Aviv on the theme of “collective genocide,” Israeli representatives withdrew from the conference as they disapproved of discussing the Armenian genocide.
This shows the limits of Zionist thought and the extent to which the Israeli government will go to satisfy the Jewish lobby and its strategic ally, Turkey.
However, other factors highlight the defensive nature of Israeli policy and the denial practised by the Israeli administration toward the Armenian genocide.
After the Cold War, Armenians, ignored by Turkish and Jewish politicians, made common cause with Arab and Iranian interests.
The Karabach conflict in South Caucasia between Armenia and Azerbaijan became an Azeri-Israeli issue.
However, the Jewish community refuses any comparison between the Holocaust and other genocides, and denies the existence of the Armenian genocide.
The Jewish-Turkish historic alliance is based on three main historical factors:
l The weight of Jewish moral debts toward the Ottomans.
Since 1461, after the fall of Andalusia, the Ottoman Empire introduced a policy of admission reserved for foreigners living in its territory. Jews fleeing Andalusia were absorbed into the Ottoman Empire and officially recognized under the Millet system.
Other peoples were organized under the same system. The Millet system separated subjects into ethnic and religious groups, which enjoyed religious freedom and a certain amount of autonomy. The Armenians were part of this system.
The Ottoman Jews were pioneers in the establishment of the Zionist entity in Palestine. They were the mediators between Zionism and the Ottoman Empire until the Balfour Declaration was signed in 1917.
Theodore Herzl, the founder of Zionism, was born in the multi-ethnic Austro-Hungarian Empire. Herzl’s time in France and the lessons he drew from the Dreyfus affair led him to propose a national territorial solution to the Jewish issue.
In 1897, the World Zionist Organization was created at a congress in Basel, Switzerland, to represent the national aspirations of the Jews.
l The roots of Zionist denial toward the Armenian cause date back to Article 61 of the 1878 Berlin Treaty. In Article 61, the Armenian issue was raised to international level (improving the situation of Armenians in Eastern Anatolia).
It is true that international, regional and local powers supported reforms demanded by the Armenians. However, the apparent success of the internationalization of the Armenian cause had negative repercussions. It generated a feeling of malevolence and jealousy from other groups, mainly the Jews.
The Jews insisted on reforms identical to those of Armenians. Jewish hostility toward the Armenians appeared between 1894 and 1896 during the Hamidiam Massacres when the Jews of Istanbul and other provinces betrayed Armenian rebels and fugitives. Herzl also dealt with Sultan Abdel-Hamid. Jewish colonization of Palestine was proposed in exchange for support against Armenian national aspirations. The Sultan refused to let foreign Jews colonize Palestine, but permitted Ottoman Jews to do so.
l It was not until the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the Balfour Declaration of 1917 that Zionist political achievements started taking shape. Palestine was recognized as a “national home” for the Jews.
Later, the Jewish-Turkish alliance was strengthened when Mustafa Kemal Ataturk came to power in Turkey.
The close relationship between the Jews and the Turks was unaffected by the fall of the Ottoman Empire. Turkey was the first Muslim state to recognize the state of Israel after it was declared in 1948, and the Arab-Armenian-Iranian axis was formed to confront the Turkish-Zionist axis.
The Turkish-Zionist partnership seeks the erosion of Arab nationalism, the denial of the Armenian cause and the weakening of Iranian zeal.
In February 2002, Rebecca Cohen, an Israeli diplomat, said that “the Armenian people have been the victims of a terrible tragedy, not a collective genocide.” Such words distort the truth and were refuted by the Armenians, who reminded the Israelis that Armenians gave refuge to thousands of Jews who fled Nazi Germany.
After the foundation of the Zionist state and the Turkish-Jewish alliance, the Armenian cause was used to the advantage of Zionists.
“Turkification” is an ideology that mobilizes hatred against others (Arabs, Armenians) that stand in the way of their expansionist projects.
The Zionist-Turkish alliance, embodied in military, economic, strategic and financial ties, bears proof of the two countries’ shared objectives. This alliance can only exist in conditions that are perceived as unjust by other groups, like the Palestinians, the innocent victims of this alliance.
Hagop Kassardjian is a Beirut MP and a member of Prime Minister Rafik Hariri’s parliamentary Beirut Decision Bloc. He wrote this commentary for The Daily Star
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According to NILI chronicler Anita Engle, “Aaron was the first and at that time the only one in Palestine to recognize the possibility of uniting British and Jewish interests in the Middle East. Official Zionism, which had its headquarters in Berlin still maintained that the Jewish future was bound up in the future of Turkey.”
Indeed, David Ben Gurion, the pioneering Zionist leader and Israel’s legendary statesman and politician, went to Constantinople in 1912 to study Turkish law at the University there. In his book of recollections, he explains: “in order to get anywhere with the Turkish authorities we needed to know the Turkish language, Turkish law and more about the Ottoman system of government.” And in fact for Ben Gurion learning Turkish law was just the beginning. “My idea was to go to Turkey, study law, and thus equip myself with the necessary professional training to stand for Parliament. I would get a seat in Parliament, and then I would become the Jewish member of the Ottoman Government…I thought that I would be close enough to the seat of power to be able to advance the development and progress of the Jews in Palestine.”
Our Jerusalem.com - (http://www.ourjerusalem.com/history/story/the-story-of-nili.html)
The Young Turks: Who Were They?
During the last quarter of the 19th century, the Near East Question passed into its critical phase. As a result of the Russo-Turkish war of 1877-78, the Ottoman Empire lost extensive territory mainly in the Balkans where the "autonomous" states of Bulgaria, Bosnia, and Herzegovina passed into the defacto administrative sphere of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Thessaly and the prefecture of Artas were ceded to Greece, and in Asia, Russia annexed the territories of Kars and Ardachan in Turkish Armenia. In Africa, the English claimed Egypt, and the French Tunisia, while the Italians did not bother to conceal their territorial ambitions toward Tripoli. Meanwhile, the dissident movements in Crete, Armenia, and Macedonia were beginning to reach worrisome levels for the Turkish Sultanate.
One of the first real threats to the Ottoman Throne was a hard-core, conspiratorial group that formed in 1889 among the students of the Military Medical School in Constantinople. The dissatisfaction, though, was widespread throughout the entire military, and had to do with what might be considered today to be union demands: low wages that were paid sporadically and after months of waiting, a promotion system that was torturously slow and not based on merit but on connections, and a cynical disappointment engendered by the promised but never actualized modernization of the military. The main motivating factor in the ever-widening discontent, however, was an agony and concern over the independence of the Turkish State and how best to ensure its continuance. Added to this, and of equal concern, was the problem having to do with the welfare and perpetuation of the Muslim populations living among the many other ethnicities within the Empire.
The conspiratorial leadership, who came to be known as the Young Turks, expressed their dissatisfaction with the status quo, throwing all of the blame on the Sultan, Abdul Hamit, who they proclaimed to be too dictatorial. They demanded his exile -- though not the abolishment of the Sultanate -- together with the restoration of the constitution of 1876.
Union and Progress
The Young Turk movement -- after many mishaps and near dissolution -- finally achieved it first goal. In early July of 1908, led by the officer-members of the Committee of Union and Progress (Itihàt vè Terakì), the Turkish troops stationed in Macedonia refused to obey orders coming from Constantinople. The Young Turks then sent a telegraphed ultimatum to the Sultan from Serres on the 21st of July. They demanded the immediate restoration and implementation of the constitution, and threatened him with dethronement should he fail to comply. On the 24th of July, Abdul Hamit announced that the constitution had been restored and was in full force and effect.
The subsequent mid-20th century overthrow of King Farouk in Egypt by the Nasserite revolutionaries bears some striking similarities to the Young Turk movement. There are, however, some very striking differences as well. Some of these are: 1) the diverse ethnic background of the conspirators; 2) the significant and crucial role played by the allied movement of fellow-conspirators known as the Donmè (Jews who had converted [?] to Islam); and, 3) the enthusiastic way in which the conspiracy was embraced by Masonic elements.
As far as the multiethnic composition of the conspirators is concerned, one need only read their names to verify their diverse background: Tserkès (Circassion ), Mehmet Ali, Xersekli (Herzogovinians), Ali Roushdi, Kosovali (Kosovars) and others. In many cases, the ethnic origin of the conspirator was not evident from the name: Ibrahim Temo was an Albanian, as was Ismail Kemal. Murat Bey Dagestanos and Achmet Riza had an Arkhazian father and an Austrian mother. One of the theoreticians of the movement was Ziyia Ngiokali, a Kurd, while one of the major planners of tactics and theory was a Jew from Serres who went by the name of Tekìn Alì (real name, Moshe Cohen). The telegraph-office clerk who became one of the ruling troika of post-revolutionary Turkey, Talaàt Pasha, was Bosnian, Pomack, or Gypsy; the point being that he was not a Turk. We should also make note of the fact that the Committee of Union and Progress admitted many members from areas outside of the Ottoman Empire, and that some of these even served on its Central Committee.
Masonic elements
The strong connection between theItihàts (conspirators) and Masonry is a well-documented fact. The leftist Turkish writer, Kamouran Mberik Xartboutlou, in his book, The Turkish Impasse (from the Greek translation of the French publication of 1974. p.24), wrote: "Those who desired entry into the inner circle of that secret organization [theItihàt], had to be a Mason, and had to have the backing of a large segment of the commercial class." The true nature of the relationship between the Young Turks and the Masonic lodges of Thessaloniki has been commented upon by many researchers and writers. In her well-known and extensively documented book, Secret Societies and Subversive Movements (London. 1928, p. 284), author and historian Nesta Webster writes that "The Young Turk movement began in the Masonic lodges of Thessaloniki under the direct supervision of the Grand Orient Lodge of Italy, which later shared in the success of Mustapha Kemal."
Of course, the precise nature of this relationship is clouded in mystery, but enough facts exist allowing for more than just informed conjecture based on circumstantial evidence. An example of the Itihàt-Masonic connection is the interview that Young Turk, Refik Bey, gave to the Paris newspaper Le Temps, on the 20th of August 1908: "It's true that we receive support from Freemasonry and especially from Italian Masonry. The two Italian lodges [of Thessaloniki] -- Macedonia Risorta and Labor et Lux -- have provided invaluable services and have been a refuge for us. We meet there as fellow Masons, because it is a fact that many of us are Masons, but more importantly we meet so that we can better organize ourselves."
The Jewish Component
TheDonmè ("convert" in Turkish), was a Hebrew heresy whose followers converted [?] to Islam in the 18th century. They were most heavily concentrated in Thessaloniki. According to the Great Hellenic Encyclopedia [Megali Elliniki Enkiklopethia]: "It is generally accepted that the Donmè secretly continue to adhere to the Hebrew religion and don't allow their kind to intermarry with the Muslims.
" The disproportionate power and influence (in light of their number) that the Donmè had on both the Ottoman Empire and on the Young Turk movement has been the subject of a great deal of commentary by many observers and researchers. The eminent British historian, R. Seton Watson, in his book, The Rise of Nationality in the Balkans. London, 1917 (H Gennisi tou Ethnikismou sta Valkania), wrote the following: "The real brains behind the [Itihàt] movement were Jews or Islamic- Jews. The wealthy Donmè and Jews of Thessaloniki supported [the Young Turks] economically, and their fellow Jewish capitalists in Vienna and Berlin -- as well as in Budapest and possibly Paris and London -- supported them financially as well.
In the January 23rd, 1914, issue of the Czarist Police [Okrana] Ledger (Number 16609), directed to the Ministry of the Exterior in Saint Petersburg, we read: "A pan-Islamic convention ofItihàts and Jews was held in the Nouri Osman lodge in Constantinople. It was attended by approximately 700 prominentItihàts and Jews, including "Minister" Talaàt Bey, Bentri Bey, Mbekri Bey, and (Donmè) Javit Bey. Among the many Jews in attendance, two of the most prominent were the Head of the Security Service, Samouel Effendi, and the Vice-Administrator of the Police, Abraham Bey."
Donmè and Constantine
The numerous Donmè in positions of authority within the machinery of the Itihàt government, as well as on the powerful Central Committee, strengthens the conviction that their influence was widespread and vital to the cause. Ignoring the names mentioned in the Czarist Police Ledger, and even ignoring such Jews as the fanatical Pan-Turkic Marxist revolutionary and poet, Hikmet Nazim, or even the many casual allusions [as if it were common knowledge at the time] to the Jewish descent of that most dedicated believer in the Young Turk movement, Mustapha Kemal "Atatürk," one still finds oneself wondering by what authority and under whose auspices was such an obscure Jewish Donmè from Thessaloniki, by the name of Emmanouel Karasso, able to become a member of the three-man committee that announced his dethronement to Sultan Abdul Hamit after the counter-coup of April 1909?
Compelling, too, is the widely-referenced document which states that Constantine, the King of Greece at the time, characterized the entire Young Turk movement as composed of "Israelites."According to the facts presented in her book, Glory and Partisanship, the Greek professor of the University of Vienna, Polychroni Enepekithi, contends that Constantine made that characterization while complaining to the German Ambassador in Athens about the outrages committed by Young Turks against Hellenes living in the Ottoman Empire.
These references to the relationship between theDonmè, the Masons, and the Young Turks has not been prompted by anti-Semitism or Masonophobia. Rather, we are attempting to shed some light on what to us seems like a puzzling paradox in this revolutionary movement, which is: Why it is that this non-Turkish leadership struggled so hard under the banner of justice for the Turkish people? Also, why is it that others, having nothing to do with Sunnite Islam [the form of Islam practiced in Turkey] struggled equally hard under the banner of justice for Islam? The only answer to this
paradox demands that we consider that there may have been another reason behind their fervid struggle, and that this unstated cause is what bound these "ideologues" together.
Source Nemesis. by Ioasif Kassesian. September 2001. pp. 64-66. Translated by staff.
Crypto Jews - The Young Turks Who Were They 2 (http://www.scribd.com/doc/2176239/Crypto-Jews-The-Young-Turks-Who-Were-They-2)
THE HYSTORY OF FREEMASONRY IN TURKEY
By RW Bro. Celil Layiktez P.Asst. G. M
Lodge Zeytin Dali No. 146 Grand Lodge of Turkey
Editor of TESVÝYE (The level)
The Masonic Magazine of the Grand Lodge of Turkey
Note: The archives of lodges in Turkey, prior to the foundation of the Grand Lodge in 1909, were in the hands of foreign obediences. These documents were lost due to wars, persecution, fires etc. I was able to reconstruct the history of Freemasonry in Turkey through a research in the archives of the Grand Orient de France, preserved from the Germans during the occupation in the Bibliothèque Nationale Française (1890 pages microfilmed), plus the archives of the Grand Lodges of England, Ireland and Scotland. The Greek and Italian Masonic archives had been destroyed during the German occupation.
1721- 1826
A lodge which name is lost, operated in Istanbul, somewhere near the Galata tower, during the reign of Osman III (1703 – 1730). The lodge was founded probably c. 1721 by Levantines (mainly Genoese people) living in the tower quarters.
The first known Turkish Mason is Sait Çelebi, ambassador to France and later grand vizier. The French officer, Count de Bonneval, after some intrigues in the French Court during the reign of Louis XIV, immigrated to England and later came to Turkey to reorganize the Turkish army. Count de Bonneval took a Turkish name and became Kumbaraci Ahmet Osman Pasha. It is said that he was a mason. Another known mason in this period is Ibrahim Müteferrika, who together with Sait Çelebi, started the first printing press used by Muslim subjects of the Ottoman Empire. (The Christians and Jews had their printing presses).
In the Phanar archives (The Greek Orthodox Patriarchate) a French Masonic ritual translated into Greek in 1747, was found by Bro. Andrea Rizopoulos.
10 years after the excommunication of freemasonry by Clement XII, in 1748 Mahmud I, under the pressure of his Christian subjects and also the Muslim clergy, which thought that the Pope would not charge a fraternity with atheism in vein, outlawed freemasonry in the Ottoman Empire. An English lodge was sacked by the police, but as the British ambassador gave notice in due time, the list of members had been rescued. In the Vatican archives, there is a letter by the Pope congratulating the French Cardinal Tencin, and wishing that the same could be done in Naples.
According to Gould, the British Consul in Aleppo, Alexander Drumond had been appointed as District Grand Master for the Orient by the Grand Lodge of England. Later in 1764, Dr. Dionysios Menasse had been appointed District Grand Master for Asiatic Turkey and Armenia.
In 1786 a second charter had been given by the lodge Saint Jean d’Ecosse in Marseilles to the Lodge Saint Jean d’Ecosse des Nations Réunies in Izmir. The first charter had been lost during the big Izmir fire. According to the correspondence, this lodge had been consecrated after 1751 and before 1778. The lodge was closed in 1826.
In the last decade of the 18th Century, Selim III’s step mother and counsellor in his foreign policy, Nakshidil Sultan (Wife of Abdulhamit I and mother of Mahmud II) was the cousin of Josephine, Napoléon’s wife. Under her influence, lodges from different obediences prospered in the Empire. But in 1826, Mahmut II abolished the Janissaries to create a modern army and outlawed the order of the Bektashis to which they all belonged. As Freemasonry was described as a “kind of Bektashism, it was also closed and known freemasons were sent into exile.
1826-1856
Mustafa Reshit Pasha, Grand Vizier, had promulgated the Reform Edict of 1839. It is said that he had been initiated while he was Ambassador to London. No evidence has been found for this initiation. His lodge is not known and as there were no family names at the time, the names of Reshit and Mustafa should be scanned, and even if found, it still could be someone else. His good friend, the British Ambassador to Istanbul, Lord Reading, was a known freemason.
After 1839, with the unofficial permission by the Grand Vizier, Freemasonry had a slow revival in Turkey.
The Crimean War
The arrival of British, French and Piemontise expeditionary forces and diplomats in Istanbul and Izmir in 1856 led to an explosion of lodges under different obediences.
In 1857 the short lived <I>Grande Loge de Turquie was founded in Izmir, by the Grand Orient of France. After the end of the Crimean War, with the departure of foreigners, this grand lodge came to an end.
The creation of an irregular Irish Grand Lodge
In 1856, Captain Atkinson, an Irish officer in the 47th British Regiment, claiming to possess an Irish warrant created three lodges in Izmir and then“The Grand Lodge of the Ancient and Honourable Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons of TURKEY. (The Constitution of this grand lodge is in the Irish archives.) This was a fraudulent commercial enterprise. Atkinson initiated 200 masons and then disappeared with the funds.
The creation of the District Grand Lodge of Turkey (English Constitution)
The irregular masons, initiated by Captain Atkinson, started to visit or join English and French lodges. There was literally a panic in London and in a swift move, Grand Master Lord Zetland ordered the foundation of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Turkey, in Istanbul, the first Provincial Grand Master being the British Ambassador Sir Henry Bulwer. The consecration ceremony took place on the 24th June 1862 in the Embassy.
The Supreme Council of Turkey (1861)
The founder (1861) and first Sovereign Commander of the Scottish Rite in Turkey (1864) was Prince Abdülhalim Pasha, or shortly, Halim Pasha, Brother of the Khedive (Governor of Egypt, attached to the Ottoman Empire) and uncle of the Khedive Ismail Pasha under whose rule the Suez Channel had been opened. Halim Pasha was also Grand Master of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Egypt (English Constitution). In 1869 this Supreme Council has been recognized by the American Southern Jurisdiction.
The extinction of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Turkey
In 1869 Lord Bulwer had been recalled to London. The above mentioned Halim Pasha was in exile in Istanbul. Having good relations with the Sultan, he was proposed as Provincial Grand Master. But as his proficiency of the English language was not sufficient, an American, John Peter Brown, Secretary at the American Embassy and known writer and researcher of the Islamic mysticism was elected in his place. Hyde Clark, the P.D. Regional G.M. in a letter to a Bro. Harvey (2) in London, proposed that two Grand Masters should be elected together, Peter Brown for the current management of the Grand Lodge and Halim Pasha for his relations with the court. This proposition was not carried on.
After Brown, in 1873 Bro.Stephen Scouloudi has been elected Grand Master. The Provincial Grand Lodge was run inefficiently. Dues were not or could not be collected. In 1884 when Scouloudi resigned, no one was elected in his place. At that time there were 4 English Lodges in Istanbul and 7 in Izmir.
Lodges at the end of the 19th Century
At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th , there were 11 English, 7 Scottish, 2 Irish, 1 Polish, 2 Spanish, 5 German, 15 Italian, 2 Greek, 6 French, 1 Hungarian lodges plus a few chapters attached to the English, Scottish and Irish lodges in Istanbul, Izmir and Thessalonica alone. {There were many lodges in the rest of the big cities of the Empire too (in the provinces of Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Bulgaria, Romania and Macedonia and also in different cities of Anatolia) but as they were irrelevant in the creation of the Grand lodge of Turkey, I did not include them in this study.}
Constitutional Monarchy
Three sons of Sultan Abdulmedjit, the Princes Murat (later Sultan Murat V) and two of his brothers, Nurettin and Kemalettin had been initiated in the French Lodge Prodoos. Five Grand Viziers, including Midhat Pasha who masterminded the first Constitutional Monarchic regime, Turkish ambassadors to European countries and foreign ambassadors to Turkey, famous freedom writers and poets were members of this lodge. Louis Amiable, French Lawyer and politician, writer of the history of the Lodge les Neufs Soeurs”cradle of the Encyclopedists in Paris before the Revolution, was the Orator of the Lodge. (He was in Istanbul on contract to reorganize the Turkish Bar Association).
After the suicide (?) of Sultan Abdulaziz, Prince Murat acceded to the throne on the 30th May 1876, but due to a mental illness, was deposed three months later and his brother Abdulhamit was enthroned, after bargaining with Bro. Midhat Pasha, and thus promising to start the constitutional process. He was not long to go back on his promise.
On the 5th February 1878 Abdulhamit sent Grand Vizier Bro. Midhat Pasha in various exiles, finally to Taif (port city of Yemen, then a province of the Ottoman Empire) arranging his death by poisoning there. On the 13th February 1878 Abdulhamit adjourned the parliament indefinitely, starting a period of absolute despotism which lasted 30 years.
Cleanti Scalieri, W.M. of the lodge Prodoos plotted a bloody but unsuccessful kidnapping of Murat V from the Ciragan Palace, to restore him on the throne. (Articles by Bro. Rizopoulos and myself in the Ars Quator Coronatorum Volumes 104 and 107).
A Masonic political party : Union and Progress, created according to the model of the Carbonaries” in Italy.
After the model of Young Italians, Young Germans, Young Swiss, the Young Turks organized in Paris with the aim of bringing back the constitutional monarchy. But the Young Turks talked a lot but did not act. 5 Freemasons, military students in the faculty of medicine started a revolutionary party which later took the name of Union and Progress. Their model was the Italian paramasonic revolutionary society, the Carbonaries.
In the second half of the 19th century, the main European powers had obtained an immunity for their subjects living in the Ottoman Empire. This immunity system was called Capitulations. The Turkish police did not have the right to search a house belonging to a foreign subject. Thus, the members of Union and Progress in Thessalonica plotted their revolution in Italian, French and Spanish lodges gathering in houses belonging to foreigners. To get around the Capitulations, the police organized a robbery in the temple of the lodge Macedonia Risorta, were the archives were kept, to obtain the members’ lists, but a freemason in the police force tipped in time the Worshipful Master of the lodge. The frustrated policemen took revenge on the furniture of the temple. The police tried also to harass the members, waiting in the street for them to leave the building.
Abdulhamit and Freemasons
Abdulhamit knew very well what Freemasonry was about. As stated above, three of his brothers were freemasons. The princes Kemalettin and Nurettin were in line for the throne. Most of the European powers were governed by freemason kings and ministers. For these reasons, Abdulhamit did not want to alienate the Freemasons. On one side, while persecuting the revolutionary lodge members of the Italian, French and Spanish lodges in Thessalonica, he gave large donations to the charity efforts of English Lodges in Istanbul.
He even planned the creation of a Grand Lodge in Istanbul, of which he would be the Grand Master. This lodge would act as a senate, assembling the leaders of the different warring communities in Istanbul, (mainly Turkish intellectuals, the members of the Italian, Levantine, Greek, Armenian and Jewish communities). This project was never organize but shows the intricacies of the way Abdulhamit’s mind worked.
The second Constitutional Monarchy
A great number of high ranking officers were Freemasons and also members of the Union and Progress Party, low ranking officers were not required to become Freemasons to be accepted into the Union and Progress Party, but they hoped to get a quicker promotion if they would be initiated first.
The action of the Union and Progress Party, and its threat to invade Istanbul with the armies stationed in the Thrace, obliged Abdulhamit to promulgate once more the Constitutional Monarchy on the 23rd July 1908.
The reaction was not long to come. On the 31st March 1909 the fundamentalists took the control of Istanbul.
The freemasons in the Thrace, mainly from Thessalonica organized an army of reservists. Almost all officers were Freemasons. There were too many officers, some joined the expeditionary force as ordinary soldiers. The army took back Istanbul from the fundamentalists, there were bloody battles and hangings, and Abdulhamit was dethroned by a committee of 5 deputies, all of them Freemasons.
As a result to all this, Freemasons became the hate center of fundamentalist Islam.
The Masonic State
According to the French historian Thierry Zarcone, the period from 1908 to 1918 could be called The Masonic State. The Union and Progress Party in power used Freemasonry in its foreign relations. Deputations of mason parliamentarians went to Italy, France, Hungary and Germany. The Freemason deputies claimed that with their effort, democracy, that is the French slogan of liberty, equality and fraternity was prevailing now in Turkey and that the European powers should be of assistance. The Albanians had revolted against the Ottoman rule and the Italian parliament was about to vote an aid program for the rebels, but after the intervention of the Grand Lodge of Turkey, the Italian Freemasons in the parliament were effective and the motion did not pass.
11 months later, at the end of 1911, after Italy’s expedition to Libya (which was Ottoman territory at that time), the same scenario was repeated, but naturally this time the Grand Orient of Italy could not act against its own government. In answer to the letter from the Grand Lodge of Turkey, the Grand Master issued a very general statement on the 29th September 1911 Per l’Ingresso di Tripoli, Rivista Massonica, 1911, No. 15-16) and the relations between the Italian And Turkish Grand Lodges were severely affected.
The Creation of the Grand Lodge of Turkey (Ottoman Grand Orient)
On the 3rd March 1909, the dormant Supreme Council of Turkey (1861) was revived. This Supreme Council first consecrated 4 Turkish lodges. These 4 lodges plus 3 Italian, 2 French, 1 Spanish and 2 Egyptian lodges (One of them, Resne, English Constitution) assembled to form the Grand Lodge of Turkey on the 13th July 1909, and elected its first Grand Master, the Minister of the Interior Mehmet Talat S. Pasha, who later became Grand Vizier (Prime Minister). This Grand Lodge was consecrated by the Supreme Council.
The closing of lodges in 1935
This Grand Lodge gave charters to a total of 66 lodges, mainly in Turkey but also in Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Greece, Lebanon and Palestine.
In 1935, the year when Freemasonry decided to hibernate, 6 ministers, the President of the Parliament, more than 60 deputies and many state governors, were Freemasons, Ataturk’s private doctor, M. Kemal Oke, was a Past Grand Master.
In 1935 the English, Germans and Russians transformed Turkey into a vast stage for propaganda and espionage. The Nazi propaganda machine was also stressing the Judeo-Masonic danger. The Ministry of the Interior, Sukru Kaya, a 33° Scottish Rite Mason, in order to curb these activities passed a law from parliament closing all clubs and societies. Freemasonry was not mentioned in the text, but the minister warned his brothers that it would be wiser to stop the activity of Freemasonry by its own free will. That’s how things happened and the reason why Freemasonry was able to recover its buildings after the war.
All lodges did not close. The Supreme Council continued its activity behind closed doors, even chartered 3 new lodges. Craft lodges met at the homes of brothers. The police showed a knowing tolerance to all this, with the tacit approval of the President of the Republic Ismet Inonu, who even gave a little financial aid to the Supreme Council.
The awakening (1948)
Turkey wanted to be accepted to the U.N. The Turkish diplomats were told that Turkey was a totalitarian state, and that even Freemasonry was closed, as it was under all the totalitarian regimes.
The President approached his personal doctor, Supreme Grand Commander (Scottish Rite) M. Kemal Oke, the same doctor who looked after Kemal Ataturk, and told him that the time to resume official working had come.
In 1948 lodges, under the Supreme Council, started to labour in Istanbul and Izmir, and in 1949 in Ankara.
A troubled period started with lodges trying to liberate themselves from the Supreme Council’s rule. The Grand Lodges of Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir were created, and finally those three grand lodges united on the 16th December 1956 to create a totally independent Grand Lodge of Turkey.
International Recognition
After the initial recognition by some American and European Grand Lodges, in 1959 an official deputation by the Grand Lodge of Scotland visited Turkey. The recognition process was delayed to 1963, due to the military coup of 1960.
Most of the regular grand lodges had recognized the Grand Lodge of Turkey, but England and Ireland. In order to satisfy them, the Grand Lodge of Turkey was reconsecrated by the Grand Lodge of Scotland in 1965. (That is why our Grand Officers regalia is green). In 1970 the Grand Lodges of England and Ireland recognized the Grand Lodge of Turkey.
The schism of 1965
Friction was continuous between the Supreme Council and the Grand Lodge.
At the end of 1964, The Grand Secretary, on his own, gave a letter to Bro. Suleyman Demirel, stating that he was not a freemason. The Grand Secretary was the Senior Warden of the lodge in which Demirel had been initiated in 1955. Demirel used this document against the fundamentalist wing in his political party, was thus elected to the Presidence of the party and reigned on Turkish Politics until 2000, when he retired as President of the Republic.
In the 1965 Grand Master elections, the Bro. who issued this letter was elected, in spite of the Supreme Council’s secret opposition. The Supreme Council preferred the election of a Bro. who would be obedient to them and tried to cancel these elections. This led to a lot of turbulence in the ranks of Turkish Freemasons. Finally a schism occurred, with a small group of brothers creating a separate Grand Lodge, which later attached itself to the French Grand Orient. Today this irregular grand lodge has about 3000 members and is in relations with a Turkish Women’s Grand Lodge. This is a rather new outfit and has a few hundred members, organized in all major cities in Turkey.
Today the Grand Lodge of Turkey has about 180 lodges with 12000 active members. It is recognized by all the regular grand lodges and is active, promoting freemasonry in the Balkans, Russia and ancient Soviet republics.
We have a research Lodge which is publishing a quarterly research magazine Mimar Sinan”(Sinan the Architect). Since 1991, I am publishing the bi-monthly Masonic magazine TESVIYE (level), in the name of the Grand Lodge of Turkey.
Notes
(1) Bro. Rizopoulos’ article was published in the Turkish Masonic research Magazine, Mimar Sinan No. 118.
(2) I could not decipher his family name
THE HYSTORY OF FREEMASONRY IN TURKEY (http://www.freemasons-freemasonry.com/layiktez.html)
Freemasonry in Turkey
Kaya Pasakay, Former Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Turkey, and Semih Tezcan explain
Freemasonry came early to Turkey, at that time the heartland of a huge Ottoman Empire embracing most of North Africa, the Middle East and the Balkans. While details are lacking, there is a tradition that the first lodge was founded for non-Muslim merchants near the Arab Mosque in the Thursday Market Place, Galata, Istanbul. In 1738, a London newspaper mentioned lodges meeting in Smyrna (modern Izmir) and Aleppo but the first hard evidence we have comes in 1748 when the Ottoman Sultan, Mahmut I, forbade all masonic activities - indicating that some existed to ban.
The British Ambassador warned the Officers of the Lodge in advance of this impending action and, in the event, no one was arrested although the furniture of the Lodge was destroyed. This Lodge survived clandestinely and continued working until the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789.
The Craft attracted notable modernizers: Sait Pasha, the Turkish Ambassador to France, later the Grand Vizier (Prime Minister), as well as his son, Sait Celebi, and a family friend, the Hungarian convert to Islam, Ibrahim Muteferrika, who established the first printing press in the Empire in 1727, were pioneering Muslim Freemasons in Istanbul.
Unfortunately, in 1826 Sultan Mahmut II (1808-1839), who reformed the Ottoman army in the European style, officially closed all masonic lodges. However, following the Crimean War - which ended in 1856 - with the general influx of Western culture into Turkey, extensive masonic activity emerged in Istanbul and Izmir. The French Grand Orient warranted eleven lodges, one in Ottoman Egypt. United Grand Lodge of England warranted fourteen, eight of these in Izmir. The Grand Lodge of Scotland warranted six; that of Ireland warranted one lodge. Another seventeen were warranted by Germany, Italy, Spain and Belgium. The reformer, Koca Mustafa Resit Pasha (1800-1858), six times Grand Vizier, attended a masonic Lodge near to the Bereketzade Mosque, Galata, Istanbul. At the time its Master was the British Ambassador to Turkey, Lord Reading.
Sultan Murat V (1876) visited to England in 1870 when he was Crown Prince and was introduced to Edward, Prince of Wales - later Grand Master of England - who lectured him about the virtues of Freemasonry. Bearing in mind these recommendations and in close cooperation with the Master of the Proodos Lodge in Istanbul, operating under the Grand Orient of France, Prince Murat was iniated in 1872. Later he was to become an 18th Degree Rose Croix Freemason.
Realising that many Kings in Europe were also the Grand Masters of their respective Countries, Sultan Abdulhamit II (1876-1909), whose three younger brothers were all Freemasons, decided to preside over all Freemasonry within the Ottoman Empire. He believed that by joining he might be able to better control not only restless non-moslem minorities but also it might improve his relations with the West. But he was never initiated; it is believed that certain Freemasons opposed him. In 1878, through the influence of masonic circles, an unsuccessful revolt against his rule erupted in an attempt to reinstate his younger brother the former Sultan Murat V.
The Grand Lodge of Turkey
The Supreme Council of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite for Turkey, first established in Istanbul in 1861, was reconstituted on 3 March 1909. Subsequently, this particular Supreme Council decided to establish a Grand Lodge of Turkey. It did not occur to them that no Symbolic Lodges could ever be established by a Supreme Council.
The Constitution of the Grand Lodge of Turkey was signed at the Noradukyan Plaza, Galata, Istanbul, on 13 July 1909; Prince Aziz Hasan Pasha was representing the Supreme Council of Turkey. Mehmet Talat Sait Pasha, then Minister of Interior, later the Grand Vizier, was elected unanimously to be the Grand Master. Sultan Mehmet Reshat V and many other prominent Turkish Politicians and Statesmen were members of this new Grand Lodge. Despite many wars - Tripoli, Benghazi, the Balkans, the First World War and the War of Independence, between 1909 until 1923, the Grand Lodge of Turkey remained active and influential within the society.
Between 1909 and 1918 most of Turkey’s ruling party were Freemasons; Mehmet Talat Sait Pasha, for instance, continued as both Grand Vizier as well as Grand Master of Turkey. The highest ranking generals in the Turkish army were also Freemasons.
The activities of the Grand Lodge of Turkey reached a climax during the Presidency of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (1923-1938). Ataturk, a reformer, soldier, advocate of women’s rights, and the founder of the Turkish republic, was initiated in 1907 into Lodge Veritas - warranted by the French Grand Orient - in Salonica. When he landed at Samsun on 19 May 1919 to begin the struggle of independence, six out of his seven highranking military staff officers were Freemasons. During his time of rule there were always some members of his Cabinet who were Freemasons, indeed, from 1923 to 1938 some sixty Members of Parliament were members of the Craft.
The Child Care Centres were established and financed throughout the country by a large group of prominent members of the Grand Lodge, representing a wide spectrum of professions including politicians, diplomats, professors, businessmen, and lawyers. In addition, a Social Assistance Foundation was established in December 18, 1931 by the Grand Lodge, for the purpose of financing the social and medical needs of Brothers and their families throughout the country.
Unfortunately, intensive pressures arising mostly from the oppressive regimes of Stalin, Hitler, and Mussolini, forced Ataturk to recommend that the Grand Master of Turkey declare a cessation of activities on October 9, 1935.
But after the Second World War, since the decision to cease masonic activities was taken only by the governing body of the Grand Lodge of Turkey, and there was no particular Law or Decree requiring it to do so, masonic activities resumed 5 February 1948 with the headquarters in Istanbul.
Regional branches were soon opened: Izmir, December 1948, and Ankara, January 1949. The Grand Lodge of Ancient and Accepted Freemasons of Turkey entered into a new era of growth and expansion but all the degrees, from the 1st until the 33rd remained under the Jurisdiction of the Supreme Council for Turkey.
Then, 26 June, 1955, the Supreme Council for Turkey, issued a declaration that the administration of the first three Symbolic Degrees would be undertaken solely and independently by the Grand Lodge of Turkey. This declaration put a stop to all disputes and accusations of irregularity. In 1965 the Grand Master of Scotland, Lord Bruce formally consecrated the Grand Lodge of Turkey; United Grand Lodge of England recognized it in 1970.
Masonic Life in Turkey Today
The Grand Lodge of Turkey to-day operates in three regional Valleys. Namely, Istanbul, the Central Valley, 102 Lodges and 6,970 members; Ankara Valley, 52 Lodges and 3,570 members; and Izmir Valley, 33 Lodges and 1,970 members: there are a total of 187 Lodges and 12,510 active members, working in thirteen regional Provinces and towns throughout Turkey, including Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Bursa, Eskiflehir, Antalya, Adana, Bodrum, Marmaris, Karsikaya, Fethiye, Çeflme, and Kusadasi. The masonic membership in Turkey increased from 4,390 in 1980 to 9,230 in 1995. The average yearly growth rate within the last eight years is four percent. Such a steady increase in masonic membership is unique and the highest in the World.
The reasons for a steady increase in the membership of Freemasonry in Turkey, may be attributed to a rich set of activities featured in masonic life. Attendance is strictly required and an oral examination is arranged to test whether the teachings of the Degree are understood. A one or two page essay about the teachings of the Degree is required from every member in order to be promoted and a minimum of one year’s full attendance is required within each Degree. The Craft ritual is that of Scotland slightly modified for Turkish use and, as in England, Turkish Freemasons are required to believe in the Supreme Being and the eternity of the soul.
There are not, as yet, Royal Arch Chapters but discussions are being held; Orders beyond the Craft, such as Mark Masonry, do not yet exist.
A wide variety of social activities are held: evening receptions for families on the occasions of lodge anniversaries, excursions with families inside and out of the City, visits to sick Brethren at hospital or at home, generous aid for any person in need of assistance, annual or biannual dinners combined with educational speeches, celebration of new or existing marriages by masonic ceremony, gatherings of Brethren and families with a common university or professional background, celebration of birthdays and wedding anniversaries within lodges, masonic appearances in public during the National Days and National occasions.
Freemasonry in Turkey focuses upon the professional sector of Turkish society: a special effort and detailed screening process exists to select the ‘rough ashlar’ which aims at collecting together an ‘elite’ class. Entrance fees and annual dues are set at relatively high levels, affordable only by candidates without any severe financial shortcomings, meaning that, in practice usually candidates emerge from the upper echelon of Society such as rulers, diplomats, politicians, religious leaders, educators, doctors, writers, lawyers and poets. Military officers on active service, however, are forbidden to become Freemasons until they retire - and there are many former officers, generals and admirals who subsequently join the Craft.
Any English Freemason who visits Istanbul or any other city with a lodge will certainly find someone speaking English and by presenting a masonic certificate or being proved a Freemason, can attend lodge meetings. In addition, there are a small number of English speaking lodges working in Istanbul.
Dr. Semih Tezcan is a Past Master of Sebat Lodge, No. 150, Grand Lodge of Turkey.
Taken from Freemasonry Today
Palestine Lodge#189 AF&AM - Catonsville, MD: Freemasonry in Turkey - Ataturk Turkey's George Washington (http://www.palestinelodge189.com/2009/05/freemasonry-in-turkey-ataturk-turkeys-george-washington.html)
Few events have been more misunderstood than the Young Turkish Revolution of 1908. It was a coup d'etat carried through by a small group of men of remarkable energy and lack of scruple. Some, like Niazi Bey, who took the first open step of rebellion, perished by assassination, that two-edged weapon which he himself had so readily employed. Others, like Enver Bey, still hold the field in Turkey, having extended the principles of scientific assassination from the provinces to the capital and applied them with equal success to a Commander-in-Chief, a Grand Vizier, and an Heir-Apparent, to say nothing of many minor personages.
The Young Turks with whom Western Europe was in contact were men who had lived long in exile, divorced from Turkish life and thought, infected not so much by the true culture of the West as by the unbalanced theories of the wilder spirits of the French Revolution. Many of them enjoyed a doubtful reputation, and almost all were conspirators rather than politicians, inspired as much by motives of personal revenge and hatred as by patriotic considerations.
The revolution which they promoted was above all the work of a single town. It was in Salonica, under the shelter of its masonic lodges, that the Committee of Union and Progress, the secret organism which over threw the Hamidian regime, grew up and flourished.The real brains of the movement were Jewish or Judaeo-Moslem.
Their financial aid came from the wealthy Dunmehs and Jews of Salonica, and from the capitalists —international or semi-international—of Vienna, Budapest, Berlin, and perhaps also of Paris and London. Gradually the movement was joined by officers in the army, upon whom its organisation naturally relied for the necessary backing to their designs; and after the plot had succeeded these men found it more necessary than ever to dabble in politics, in order to
counteract the perpetual palace intrigues in favour of a restoration of the old regime.
Robert William Seton-Watson: The Rise of Nationality in the Balkans (1917)
http://www.google.nl/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=The%20Rise%20of%20Nationality%20in%20the%20Balka ns%20filetype%20pdf&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CC8QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.promacedonia.org%2Fen%2Fpdf%2 Fsetton-watson_the_rise_of_nationality_in_the_balkans_1918 .pdf&ei=l94AUsSdLIGxOfm9geAI&usg=AFQjCNHK1HabR0B3HezQOBFnXrEJCtPKcg&bvm=bv.50310824,d.ZWU
En daar gaan we weer, 5 miljoen Joden welke in staat zijn een orkest van 7 miljard aardbewoners dirigeren.
Der ewige Jude.
En daar gaan we weer, 5 miljoen Joden welke in staat zijn een orkest van 7 miljard aardbewoners dirigeren.
Der ewige Jude.
Dat wordt een stropopredenering genoemd.
Stropopredenering
Een stropopredenering (stroman/vogelverschrikker) is een type drogreden waarbij men niet het werkelijke standpunt van de tegenstander weerlegt maar een (karikaturale) variant daarvan. Men interpreteert het standpunt van de tegenstander zodanig dat dit standpunt gemakkelijk te weerleggen is en suggereert dan dat dat het werkelijke standpunt van de tegenstander is.
...
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stropopredenering
Dat wordt een stropopredenering genoemd.
Stropopredenering
Een stropopredenering (stroman/vogelverschrikker) is een type drogreden waarbij men niet het werkelijke standpunt van de tegenstander weerlegt maar een (karikaturale) variant daarvan. Men interpreteert het standpunt van de tegenstander zodanig dat dit standpunt gemakkelijk te weerleggen is en suggereert dan dat dat het werkelijke standpunt van de tegenstander is.
...
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stropopredenering
:hihi:
Die zion-rat is op. Geen argumenten meer. Dan maar trollen en beledigen.
Een zionistische tactiek die naadloos past op de provocerende houding van Ibrahrat op dit Marokkaans/Islamitische forum.
Dat wordt een stropopredenering genoemd.
Stropopredenering
Een stropopredenering (stroman/vogelverschrikker) is een type drogreden waarbij men niet het werkelijke standpunt van de tegenstander weerlegt maar een (karikaturale) variant daarvan. Men interpreteert het standpunt van de tegenstander zodanig dat dit standpunt gemakkelijk te weerleggen is en suggereert dan dat dat het werkelijke standpunt van de tegenstander is.
Au contraire. Het betreft hier een feitelijke constatering. Men karikaturiseert hier zichzelf door beeldschermen vol te tikken hoe slecht de Joden wel niet zijn.
De gesprekspartner houdt U in dezen slechts een spiegel voor.